Genetics

Question 1

what does the root word hetero mean

Answer 1

different/ heterozygous Bb

Question 2

what does the root word homo mean

Answer 2

same/ homozygous BB

Question 3

what does the root word zygous mean

Answer 3

form

Question 4

what does the root word pheno mean

Answer 4

physical

Question 5

what does the root word geno mean

Answer 5

gene/ genetic

Question 6

what does genetics mean

Answer 6

the scientific study heredity

Question 7

what does heredity mean

Answer 7

passing of characteristics from parents to offsprings

Question 8

what does trait mean

Answer 8

characteristics/ features that can be passed on to offspring (ex: skin, height, hair color, etc)

Question 9

what does allele mean

Answer 9

gene with alternative versions of traits (ex: blue vs brown eyes)

Question 10

what does phenotype mean

Answer 10

physical expression of alleles (outward expression, chemical behavior, etc)

Question 11

what does genotype mean

Answer 11

the genetic makeup - the listing of the alleles

Question 12

what is F1 and F2 generations

Answer 12

the 1st and 2nd generations

Question 13

what is a dominant gene

Answer 13

the allele that is expressed (capital letter )

Question 14

what is a recessive gene

Answer 14

the allele that is masked by the dominant (lower case)

Question 15

what does homozygous mean

Answer 15

an organism with 2 identical alleles for a trait

Question 16

what does a heterozygous mean

Answer 16

an organism with 2 different alleles for a trait

Question 17

what is a punnett square

Answer 17

a diagram to show the genotypes of possible offspring

Question 18

what are carriers

Answer 18

an individual (heterozygous) who is carrying a recessive allele that is not expressed in its phenotype

Question 19

what is incomplete dominance

Answer 19

a phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between phenotypes of 2 homozygotes

Question 20

what is codominance

Answer 20

heterozygote displays characteristics of both homozygotes, neither allele masks the other

Question 21

what are sex- linked traits

Answer 21

traits controlled by genes on sex chromosomes

Question 22

what is polygenic

Answer 22

when more than 1 gene/loci determine a single phenotype

Question 23

what are genes

Answer 23

a segment of DNA, carried on a chromosome, that codes for a protein and a trait

Question 24

what did we learn from Mendel’s peas

Answer 24

that only 1 gene is responsible for each trait
only 2 possible alleles for each gene

Question 25

what are hybrids

Answer 25

the offspring of 2 different purebred varieties

Question 26

what is the p generation

Answer 26

the parental generation (think grandpa)

Question 27

what is the f1 generation

Answer 27

their parental generation hybrid offspring

Question 28

what is the f2 generation

Answer 28

a cross of the f1 generation

Question 29

y chromosome is _________ than x chromosome

Answer 29

shorter
holds fewer genes

Question 30

what type of trait is color blindness

Answer 30

recessive

Question 31

does color blindness affect men or women and why

Answer 31

more common in men because it is sex linked

Question 32

what is linked genes

Answer 32

they are linked because they are on the same chromosome

Question 33

in linked genes gametes likely get

Answer 33

both alleles together

Question 34

why are some linked genes highly linked

Answer 34

because of close proximity on chromosome

Question 35

recessive genes can be

Answer 35

carried

Question 36

many human genetic disorders are

Answer 36

recessive

Question 37

what are two types of dominant disorders

Answer 37

anchondroplasia (dwarfism)
Huntington’s disease

Question 38

phenotype =

Answer 38

genotype + enviornment