Genetics Flashcards
what does the root word hetero mean
different/ heterozygous Bb
what does the root word homo mean
same/ homozygous BB
what does the root word zygous mean
form
what does the root word pheno mean
physical
what does the root word geno mean
gene/ genetic
what does genetics mean
the scientific study heredity
what does heredity mean
passing of characteristics from parents to offsprings
what does trait mean
characteristics/ features that can be passed on to offspring (ex: skin, height, hair color, etc)
what does allele mean
gene with alternative versions of traits (ex: blue vs brown eyes)
what does phenotype mean
physical expression of alleles (outward expression, chemical behavior, etc)
what does genotype mean
the genetic makeup - the listing of the alleles
what is F1 and F2 generations
the 1st and 2nd generations
what is a dominant gene
the allele that is expressed (capital letter )
what is a recessive gene
the allele that is masked by the dominant (lower case)
what does homozygous mean
an organism with 2 identical alleles for a trait
what does a heterozygous mean
an organism with 2 different alleles for a trait
what is a punnett square
a diagram to show the genotypes of possible offspring
what are carriers
an individual (heterozygous) who is carrying a recessive allele that is not expressed in its phenotype
what is incomplete dominance
a phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between phenotypes of 2 homozygotes
what is codominance
heterozygote displays characteristics of both homozygotes, neither allele masks the other
what are sex- linked traits
traits controlled by genes on sex chromosomes
what is polygenic
when more than 1 gene/loci determine a single phenotype
what are genes
a segment of DNA, carried on a chromosome, that codes for a protein and a trait
what did we learn from Mendel’s peas
that only 1 gene is responsible for each trait
only 2 possible alleles for each gene
