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Biol B1 Unit 1 > Evolution > Flashcards

Evolution Flashcards

1
Q

what is evolution

A

change in allele frequency in a population over time

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2
Q

what is allele frequency

A

how often you see a trait in a species

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3
Q

what is genetic variation

A

each individual is different

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4
Q

does all species have genetic variation

A

yes

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5
Q

what makes up a gene pool

A

all alleles

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6
Q

what is an allele

A

a physical trait

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7
Q

how much percent is humans similar

A

99.9 percent

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8
Q

how is genetic variation created

A

mutations in your gametes

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9
Q

what are mutations

A

change in DNA sequence that can make new alleles

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10
Q

how many mutations is the average human born with

A

60

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11
Q

what is an advantageous mutation

A

codes for a new trait that increase fitness

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12
Q

what is fitness

A

the ability to survive and procreate longer

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13
Q

what is deleterious mutations

A

codes for a new trait that reduces fitness

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14
Q

what is a neutral mutation

A

doesn’t code for new trait or codes for new trait that does not affect fitness

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15
Q

allele frequency is an occurence of alleles in a

A

population

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16
Q

how do populations evolve

A

mutations
genetic drift

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17
Q

mutations introduces a

A

new allele

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18
Q

what is genetic drift

A

randomness in gametes and survival

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19
Q

what is a gene flow

A

introduces new individuals with different alleles frequencies through immigration and emigration

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20
Q

what are two types of genetic drift

A

bottleneck effect and founder effect

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21
Q

what is the bottle neck effect

A

results from a drastic reduction in population size

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22
Q

what is the founder effect

A

a few individuals colonize an isolated habitat

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23
Q

what is natural selection

A

organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce

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24
Q

in natural selection the traits that help survival increase in

A

frequency

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25
Q

what is sexual selection

A

traits that increase mating and helps organisms get more mates to procreate

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26
Q

sexual selection traits increase which means that it increases in

A

frequency

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27
Q

does sexual selection help organisms live longer

A

no

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28
Q

what did cuvier discover in 1790

A

extinction is real

29
Q

what was cuviers proof that extinction is real

A

fossils

30
Q

what did Lamarck discover in 1809

A

species evolve through use

31
Q

what did Lyell discover in the 1830s

A

earth is way older than we thought and changing
older than 8,000 years

32
Q

what did Darwin discover and solidify between 1831-1836

A

the theory of evolution

33
Q

how did Darwin solidify the theory of evolution

A

by studying finches

34
Q

what did Darwin and Wallace do

A

published the origin of species in 1859

35
Q

what day did biology came of age

A

nov 24 1859

36
Q

what are 4 requirements of evolution

A

more animals born than will survive
variation in traits
traits are hereditary
some traits are better than others

37
Q

describe Darwins definition of unfit

A

dont survive and traits removed from gene pool

38
Q

describe Darwins definition of fit

A

survive and pass on your traits to offspring

39
Q

what does natural selection lead to

A

evolutionary adaptation

40
Q

what is evolutionary adaptation

A

a populations increase in the frequency of traits suited to the environment

41
Q

natural selection also leads to

A

convergent evoultion

42
Q

what is convergent evolution

A

when we find similar traits in unrelated organsims

43
Q

the last thing natural selection leads to is

A

evolution

44
Q

evolution increases the number of

A

species

45
Q

what is evidence for evolution theory

A

direct observation
fossil record
biogeography
comparative anatomy
comparative embryology
molecular biology

46
Q

what is an example of direct observation

A

resistance to toxins

47
Q

direct observation is evolution in

A

action

48
Q

what is the fossil record

A

imprints or remains of organisms that lived in the past

49
Q

what is the name of the scientists who study fossils

A

palentologists

50
Q

what is an example of transitional fossils

A

evidence that birds are descended from dinosaurs

51
Q

what is biogeography

A

study of the geographic distribution of species

52
Q

what is pangea

A

theory that all the continents were once stuck together

53
Q

what is comparative anatomy

A

comparison of body structure between different species

54
Q

what is comparative embryology

A

seeing that early stages of development are similar in different organisms

55
Q

what is molecular biology

A

shared genes with ancestors

56
Q

what is a species

A

group of individuals that can interbreed and produce fertile offsprings

57
Q

how do new species arise

A

speciation

58
Q

what is speciation

A

1 species splits into 2 species

59
Q

what is allopatric speciation

A

actual physical barrier blocking species from procreating

60
Q

what is an example of allopatric speciation

A

geographical isolation

61
Q

what is sympatric speciation

A

no barriers or mutations that block procreation

62
Q

what are some examples of sympatric speciation

A

habitat ecological
temporal isolation
gametic isolation
mechanical isolation

63
Q

how quickly does evolution occur

A

slowly

64
Q

what things help evolution occur

A

generation rate/ reproduction
mutation rate
natural selection pressure
genetic drift

65
Q

why do we have simple organisms

A

they are successful at surviving

66
Q

is evolution still occuring in humans

A

yes

67
Q

why is evolution still occuring in humans

A

because of immigration and emigration

68
Q

species hybrids are

A

sterile

69
Q

what are some examples of species hybrids

A

mules
liger

Biol B1 Unit 1 (17 decks)

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