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Biol B1 Unit 1 > Evolution > Flashcards

Evolution Flashcards

1
Q

what is evolution

A

change in allele frequency in a population over time

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2
Q

what is allele frequency

A

how often you see a trait in a species

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3
Q

what is genetic variation

A

each individual is different

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4
Q

does all species have genetic variation

A

yes

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5
Q

what makes up a gene pool

A

all alleles

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6
Q

what is an allele

A

a physical trait

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7
Q

how much percent is humans similar

A

99.9 percent

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8
Q

how is genetic variation created

A

mutations in your gametes

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9
Q

what are mutations

A

change in DNA sequence that can make new alleles

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10
Q

how many mutations is the average human born with

A

60

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11
Q

what is an advantageous mutation

A

codes for a new trait that increase fitness

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12
Q

what is fitness

A

the ability to survive and procreate longer

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13
Q

what is deleterious mutations

A

codes for a new trait that reduces fitness

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14
Q

what is a neutral mutation

A

doesn’t code for new trait or codes for new trait that does not affect fitness

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15
Q

allele frequency is an occurence of alleles in a

A

population

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16
Q

how do populations evolve

A

mutations
genetic drift

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17
Q

mutations introduces a

A

new allele

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18
Q

what is genetic drift

A

randomness in gametes and survival

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19
Q

what is a gene flow

A

introduces new individuals with different alleles frequencies through immigration and emigration

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20
Q

what are two types of genetic drift

A

bottleneck effect and founder effect

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21
Q

what is the bottle neck effect

A

results from a drastic reduction in population size

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22
Q

what is the founder effect

A

a few individuals colonize an isolated habitat

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23
Q

what is natural selection

A

organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce

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24
Q

in natural selection the traits that help survival increase in

A

frequency

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25
what is sexual selection
traits that increase mating and helps organisms get more mates to procreate
26
sexual selection traits increase which means that it increases in
frequency
27
does sexual selection help organisms live longer
no
28
what did cuvier discover in 1790
extinction is real
29
what was cuviers proof that extinction is real
fossils
30
what did Lamarck discover in 1809
species evolve through use
31
what did Lyell discover in the 1830s
earth is way older than we thought and changing older than 8,000 years
32
what did Darwin discover and solidify between 1831-1836
the theory of evolution
33
how did Darwin solidify the theory of evolution
by studying finches
34
what did Darwin and Wallace do
published the origin of species in 1859
35
what day did biology came of age
nov 24 1859
36
what are 4 requirements of evolution
more animals born than will survive variation in traits traits are hereditary some traits are better than others
37
describe Darwins definition of unfit
dont survive and traits removed from gene pool
38
describe Darwins definition of fit
survive and pass on your traits to offspring
39
what does natural selection lead to
evolutionary adaptation
40
what is evolutionary adaptation
a populations increase in the frequency of traits suited to the environment
41
natural selection also leads to
convergent evoultion
42
what is convergent evolution
when we find similar traits in unrelated organsims
43
the last thing natural selection leads to is
evolution
44
evolution increases the number of
species
45
what is evidence for evolution theory
direct observation fossil record biogeography comparative anatomy comparative embryology molecular biology
46
what is an example of direct observation
resistance to toxins
47
direct observation is evolution in
action
48
what is the fossil record
imprints or remains of organisms that lived in the past
49
what is the name of the scientists who study fossils
palentologists
50
what is an example of transitional fossils
evidence that birds are descended from dinosaurs
51
what is biogeography
study of the geographic distribution of species
52
what is pangea
theory that all the continents were once stuck together
53
what is comparative anatomy
comparison of body structure between different species
54
what is comparative embryology
seeing that early stages of development are similar in different organisms
55
what is molecular biology
shared genes with ancestors
56
what is a species
group of individuals that can interbreed and produce fertile offsprings
57
how do new species arise
speciation
58
what is speciation
1 species splits into 2 species
59
what is allopatric speciation
actual physical barrier blocking species from procreating
60
what is an example of allopatric speciation
geographical isolation
61
what is sympatric speciation
no barriers or mutations that block procreation
62
what are some examples of sympatric speciation
habitat ecological temporal isolation gametic isolation mechanical isolation
63
how quickly does evolution occur
slowly
64
what things help evolution occur
generation rate/ reproduction mutation rate natural selection pressure genetic drift
65
why do we have simple organisms
they are successful at surviving
66
is evolution still occuring in humans
yes
67
why is evolution still occuring in humans
because of immigration and emigration
68
species hybrids are
sterile
69
what are some examples of species hybrids
mules liger

Biol B1 Unit 1 (17 decks)

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