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Biol B1 Unit 1 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

what is matter?

A

occupies space and has mass

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2
Q

what are the 3 states of matter?

A

solid
liquid
gas

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3
Q

what is a solid?

A

holds shape and has fixed volume

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4
Q

what is a liquid?

A

conforms to shape and flows

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5
Q

what is a gas?

A

expands to fill volume of container

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6
Q

what is inside the central place in an atom?

A

nucleus

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7
Q

what is inside an atom’s nucleus?

A

protons and neutrons

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8
Q

how much mass or amu does a proton have?

A

1

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9
Q

what type of charge does a proton have?

A

positive

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10
Q

how much mass or amu does a neutron have?

A

1

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11
Q

what type of charge does a neutron have?

A

no charge at all

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12
Q

how much mass does an electron have?

A

none

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13
Q

what type of charge does an electron have?

A

negative

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14
Q

how many electrons can the first shell of an atom have?

A

2

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15
Q

how many electrons can the 2nd shell of an atom have?

A

no more than 8

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16
Q

what does CHON stand for?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

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17
Q

What are humans made of?

A

CHON
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen

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18
Q

where is the atomic number located on the periodic table?

A

above the element symbol

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19
Q

the atomic number equals ?

A

the number of protons in an atom

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20
Q

where is the element symbol located at on the periodic table?

A

in the center

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21
Q

where is the mass located on the periodic table?

A

underneath the element symbol

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22
Q

what does mass equal/

A

protons plus neutrons

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23
Q

what determines the type of an element?

A

the number of protons

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24
Q

what does electrons equal?

A

the number of protons

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25
Q

atoms like to have what type of charge?

A

none or neutral

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26
Q

what are electron vacancies?

A

unfilled spots in a shell

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27
Q

what is different about isotopes?

A

alternate mass forms of an element and have different numbers of neutrons

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28
Q

when unstable isotopes become?

A

radioactive

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29
Q

what do radioactive isotopes do?

A

lose or change subatomic particles through radiation

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30
Q

how many types of radiation are there?

A

3

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31
Q

what are the 3 types of radiation?

A

alpha
beta
gamma

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32
Q

which is the most dangerous type of radiation?

A

gamma

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33
Q

true or false: do round up the atomic mass in isotopes

A

false

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34
Q

what are molecules?

A

bonded atoms

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35
Q

what are noble gases?

A

do not want to bond and they have no vacanices

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36
Q

what are examples of noble gases?

A

helium
neon
argon
krypton

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37
Q

what is an ionic bond?

A

strong bond where atoms lose or gain an electron

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38
Q

what is a covalent bond?

A

a strong bond that shares electrons

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39
Q

what is a polar covalent bond?

A

when a covalent bond does not share electrons equally

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40
Q

what is a non polar covalent bond?

A

when a covalent bond shares electrons equally

41
Q

how many types of covalent bonds are there?

A

2

42
Q

what type of charge does a non polar covalent bond have?

A

no charge

43
Q

what type of charge does a polar covalent bond have?

A

slightly positive or slightly negative

44
Q

what is a hydrogen bond?

A

an electrostatic attraction between 2 polar molecules and is a weak bond

45
Q

what type of ions does alkaline have?

A

OH - ions

46
Q

what type of ions does acidic have?

A

H + ions

47
Q

what are the 4 major macromolecules ?

A

carbohydrates
proteins
lipids
nucleic acids

48
Q

what are small molecules called?

A

monomer

49
Q

what are large molecules called?

A

polymer

50
Q

what are polymers?

A

monomers bound together

51
Q

what is dehydration?

A

loss of water

52
Q

what is digestion?

A

breaks down macromolecules to make monomers available to your cells

53
Q

what are carbohydrates?

A

sugars and are important for energy

54
Q

what are monosaccharides?

A

monomer form of carbohydrate

55
Q

what are examples of monosaccharides?

A

glucose
fructose

56
Q

what is a polysaccharides?

A

polymer form of carbohydrates

57
Q

what is an example of a polysaccharides?

A

starch
glycogen
cellulose

58
Q

what is starch?

A

plant energy storage

59
Q

what is glycogen?

A

animal energy storage

60
Q

what is cellulose?

A

plant structure or cell wall

61
Q

where is glycogen located?

A

in muscle tissues

62
Q

what is in cellulose?

A

microfibrils / fiber

63
Q

where is cellulose located?

A

in a plant cell wall

64
Q

what does structural protein do?

A

provide support

65
Q

what does storage protein do?

A

provide amino acids for growth

66
Q

what does contractile proteins do?

A

help movement

67
Q

what does transport proteins do?

A

help transport substances

68
Q

what are enzymes?

A

help chemical reactions

69
Q

what are amino acids?

A

monomer of protein

70
Q

how many types of amino acids are there?

A

20

71
Q

what is a side group?

A

is what determines the amino acid you get

72
Q

what are complete protiens?

A

when it has all 9 essential amino acids

73
Q

what is a peptide bond?

A

when 1 amino acid links to another amino acid

74
Q

what is a polypeptides?

A

a protein polymor and is made of amino acids

75
Q

what does a primary structure look like?

A

a pearl on a string

76
Q

what are the 2 secondary structures called?

A

alpha helix and pleated sheet

77
Q

what does alpha helix look like?

A

a ribbon like structure

78
Q

what does a pleated sheet look like?

A

an accordian

79
Q

what is a tertiary structure?

A

a giant blob

80
Q

what does a quarternary structure look like?

A

small blobs bonded together

81
Q

is a protein shape important?

A

yes

82
Q

what is denaturation?

A

destruction of a protein structure

83
Q

what is lipids?

A

fats and have the most energy storage

84
Q
A
85
Q

what does a polar head love?

A

water (hydrophilic)

86
Q

what does a non polar tail hates?

A

water (hydrophobic)

87
Q

what is polar plus non polar equal?

A

fatty acid

88
Q

what are the building blocks of lipids?

A

fatty acid (tail) plus glycerol

89
Q

how are lipids linked?

A

by dehydration

90
Q

what does it mean when the line is linear?

A

saturated (solid mass)

91
Q

what does it mean when the link has a kink in it?

A

unsaturated
double bonded (liquid)

92
Q

what is trans fat?

A

worse kind of fat and contributes to plaque buildup around artieries

93
Q

what is unsaturated fats?

A

liquid at room temperatures and located in most plant oils

94
Q

what is nucleic acids?

A

creates the blueprints for life

95
Q

what are two types of nucleic acids?

A

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid)

96
Q

what is nucleotide?

A

monomers of DNA

97
Q

what are the 3 parts of nucleotide?

A

phosphate group
5 carbon sugar
nitrogen containing base

98
Q

what is included in the nitrogen containing base?

A

adenine
guanine
cytosine
thymine

99
Q
A

Biol B1 Unit 1 (17 decks)

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