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Biol B1 Unit 1 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

what is matter?

A

occupies space and has mass

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2
Q

what are the 3 states of matter?

A

solid
liquid
gas

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3
Q

what is a solid?

A

holds shape and has fixed volume

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4
Q

what is a liquid?

A

conforms to shape and flows

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5
Q

what is a gas?

A

expands to fill volume of container

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6
Q

what is inside the central place in an atom?

A

nucleus

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7
Q

what is inside an atom’s nucleus?

A

protons and neutrons

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8
Q

how much mass or amu does a proton have?

A

1

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9
Q

what type of charge does a proton have?

A

positive

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10
Q

how much mass or amu does a neutron have?

A

1

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11
Q

what type of charge does a neutron have?

A

no charge at all

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12
Q

how much mass does an electron have?

A

none

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13
Q

what type of charge does an electron have?

A

negative

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14
Q

how many electrons can the first shell of an atom have?

A

2

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15
Q

how many electrons can the 2nd shell of an atom have?

A

no more than 8

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16
Q

what does CHON stand for?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

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17
Q

What are humans made of?

A

CHON
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen

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18
Q

where is the atomic number located on the periodic table?

A

above the element symbol

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19
Q

the atomic number equals ?

A

the number of protons in an atom

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20
Q

where is the element symbol located at on the periodic table?

A

in the center

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21
Q

where is the mass located on the periodic table?

A

underneath the element symbol

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22
Q

what does mass equal/

A

protons plus neutrons

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23
Q

what determines the type of an element?

A

the number of protons

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24
Q

what does electrons equal?

A

the number of protons

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25
atoms like to have what type of charge?
none or neutral
26
what are electron vacancies?
unfilled spots in a shell
27
what is different about isotopes?
alternate mass forms of an element and have different numbers of neutrons
28
when unstable isotopes become?
radioactive
29
what do radioactive isotopes do?
lose or change subatomic particles through radiation
30
how many types of radiation are there?
3
31
what are the 3 types of radiation?
alpha beta gamma
32
which is the most dangerous type of radiation?
gamma
33
true or false: do round up the atomic mass in isotopes
false
34
what are molecules?
bonded atoms
35
what are noble gases?
do not want to bond and they have no vacanices
36
what are examples of noble gases?
helium neon argon krypton
37
what is an ionic bond?
strong bond where atoms lose or gain an electron
38
what is a covalent bond?
a strong bond that shares electrons
39
what is a polar covalent bond?
when a covalent bond does not share electrons equally
40
what is a non polar covalent bond?
when a covalent bond shares electrons equally
41
how many types of covalent bonds are there?
2
42
what type of charge does a non polar covalent bond have?
no charge
43
what type of charge does a polar covalent bond have?
slightly positive or slightly negative
44
what is a hydrogen bond?
an electrostatic attraction between 2 polar molecules and is a weak bond
45
what type of ions does alkaline have?
OH - ions
46
what type of ions does acidic have?
H + ions
47
what are the 4 major macromolecules ?
carbohydrates proteins lipids nucleic acids
48
what are small molecules called?
monomer
49
what are large molecules called?
polymer
50
what are polymers?
monomers bound together
51
what is dehydration?
loss of water
52
what is digestion?
breaks down macromolecules to make monomers available to your cells
53
what are carbohydrates?
sugars and are important for energy
54
what are monosaccharides?
monomer form of carbohydrate
55
what are examples of monosaccharides?
glucose fructose
56
what is a polysaccharides?
polymer form of carbohydrates
57
what is an example of a polysaccharides?
starch glycogen cellulose
58
what is starch?
plant energy storage
59
what is glycogen?
animal energy storage
60
what is cellulose?
plant structure or cell wall
61
where is glycogen located?
in muscle tissues
62
what is in cellulose?
microfibrils / fiber
63
where is cellulose located?
in a plant cell wall
64
what does structural protein do?
provide support
65
what does storage protein do?
provide amino acids for growth
66
what does contractile proteins do?
help movement
67
what does transport proteins do?
help transport substances
68
what are enzymes?
help chemical reactions
69
what are amino acids?
monomer of protein
70
how many types of amino acids are there?
20
71
what is a side group?
is what determines the amino acid you get
72
what are complete protiens?
when it has all 9 essential amino acids
73
what is a peptide bond?
when 1 amino acid links to another amino acid
74
what is a polypeptides?
a protein polymor and is made of amino acids
75
what does a primary structure look like?
a pearl on a string
76
what are the 2 secondary structures called?
alpha helix and pleated sheet
77
what does alpha helix look like?
a ribbon like structure
78
what does a pleated sheet look like?
an accordian
79
what is a tertiary structure?
a giant blob
80
what does a quarternary structure look like?
small blobs bonded together
81
is a protein shape important?
yes
82
what is denaturation?
destruction of a protein structure
83
what is lipids?
fats and have the most energy storage
84
85
what does a polar head love?
water (hydrophilic)
86
what does a non polar tail hates?
water (hydrophobic)
87
what is polar plus non polar equal?
fatty acid
88
what are the building blocks of lipids?
fatty acid (tail) plus glycerol
89
how are lipids linked?
by dehydration
90
what does it mean when the line is linear?
saturated (solid mass)
91
what does it mean when the link has a kink in it?
unsaturated double bonded (liquid)
92
what is trans fat?
worse kind of fat and contributes to plaque buildup around artieries
93
what is unsaturated fats?
liquid at room temperatures and located in most plant oils
94
what is nucleic acids?
creates the blueprints for life
95
what are two types of nucleic acids?
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid)
96
what is nucleotide?
monomers of DNA
97
what are the 3 parts of nucleotide?
phosphate group 5 carbon sugar nitrogen containing base
98
what is included in the nitrogen containing base?
adenine guanine cytosine thymine
99

Biol B1 Unit 1 (17 decks)

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