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Biol B1 Unit 1 > Energy and Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Energy and Cellular Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

what does ATP stand for?

A

adenosine triphosphate

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2
Q

what is ATP?

A

the primary energy currency of cells

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3
Q

what does ATP power?

A

the majority of cellular reactions

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4
Q

what does ATP convert to?

A

ADP

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5
Q

what does ADP stand for?

A

adenosine diphosphate

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6
Q

what is the equation for aerobic cellular respiration?

A

C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 —-> 6CO2 + 6H20 + -32ATP

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7
Q

what is the other form for aerobic cellular respiration?

A

glucose + oxygen —-> carbon dioxide + water +ATP

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8
Q

what is the reactants in aerobic cellular respiration

A

glucose and oxygen

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9
Q

what is the products in aerobic cellular respiration

A

carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

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10
Q

how many steps are there to create ATP

A

3

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11
Q

what is the first step to create ATP

A

glycolisis

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12
Q

where does glycolisis happen at

A

the cytoplasm

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13
Q

what is step 2 to create ATP

A

citric acid cycle

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14
Q

what is the 3rd and final step to create ATP

A

electron transport cycle

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15
Q

do all cells do all 3 steps

A

no: all do glycolisis but not all 3

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16
Q

what are the products of aerobic cellular respiration

A

2- ATP
2- NADH
2- Pyruvate

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17
Q

what is NADH

A

stored potential energy

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18
Q

what happens in glycolsis

A

glucose is split into 2 pyruvic acid

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19
Q

where does the 2 Pyruvate get transported to

A

the mitochondria

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20
Q

what is hypoxic

A

when there is no oxygen available

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21
Q

what step do you do if there is no oxygen available for aerobic cellular aspiration

A

fermentation

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22
Q

where does the citric acid cycle occur?

A

in the matrix in the mitochondria

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23
Q

what is the extra side step needed for aerobic cellular respiration

A

acetyl co a step

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24
Q

during acetyl co a step what is the reatants

A

pyruvic acid

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25
during the acetyl co a step what is the productts
2- CO2 2- acetyl co a 2- NADH
26
what is the product of the citric acid cycle
2- FADH2 2- ATP 4- CO2 6- NADH
27
what happens in the citric acid cycle
cut a carbon and release CO2 and glucose is completely broken to turn into ATP
28
where does the electron transport chain happen
in the christae of mitochondria
29
what is the most important protein in the mitochondria
ATP Synthase
30
what only enters the chain
the batteries: NADH , NAD+, and FADH2
31
what does the protein hold
electrons
32
what is the electrochemical gradient
when w atom of H+ is in 1 side of the membrane and electrons bounce along until all converge in the ATP synthase
33
what is ADP vs ATP
ADP has 2 phosphates while ATP only has 1
34
what is the final electron accepter
oxygen
35
how much ATP does a typical glucose make
32
36
what is in glycolysis
carbohydrates, some amino acids, and glycerol
37
what is in Pyruvate oxidation
fatty acids and some amino acids
38
what is in the citric acid cycle
some amino acids
39
what is the order of the steps for cellular aerobic respiration
glycolysis acetyl co a citric acid cycle electron transport chain
40
what generates ATP without oxygen
anaerobic cellular respiration
41
in fermentation what can pyruvic acid convert to
lactic acid ethanol
42
does fermentation reproduce ATP
no but recharges batteries
43
what are is the steps for fermentation
glycolysis ---> fermentation ----> product
44
what gets converted in fermentation
glucose to 2 pryruvate to 2 lactate/ ethanol + CO2
45
what is energy
the capacity to do work
46
what is potential energy
stored energy
47
what is kinetic energy
energy in motion
48
what are examples of kinetic energy
mechanical energy thermal energy light energy
49
what is the 1st law of thermodynamics
total amount of enegy in the universe is constant and conserved: can not be destroyed or created
50
what is the name of the 1st law of thermodynamics
law of conservation of energy
51
what is the 2nd law of thermodynamics
conversion of energy is not 100 percent efficient : in conversion you lose some energy through the form of heat
52
what is the name for the 2nd law of thermodynamics
the law of entropy
53
what is heat energy
energy transferred from 1 system to another that is not work
54
what is the perpetual motion machine
a closed system that makes one input source that makes the machine to be self reliant
55
what is store energy
use of energy to create large molecules that are stored for later
56
does a perpetual motion machine exist in real life
no and never
57
what is use energy
release of energy by breaking large molecules and require some activation energy
58
what is an anabolism
small molecules built into large molecules
59
what is a catabolism
large molecules that break down into small ones
60
what is cellular respiration
makes ATP through the break down of glucose
61
what is the equation for aerobic cellular respiration
C6 H12 06 + 602 = 6 CO2 + 6H20
62
what are the inputs for aerobic cellular respiration
glucose and oxygen
63
what are the outputs for aerobic cellular respiration
carbon dioxide water energy heat
64
what happens when a phosphate group is broken off from ATP
converts to ADP
65
what occurs during glycolysis
glucose is broken down to pyruvate acid and charges up batteries NADH and make 2 ATP
66
what occurs during the citric acid cycle step
completely strips the carbons to release CO2 and makes more batteries NADH and FADH2 and a little bit of ATP
67
what occurs during the electron transport chain
converts the potential energy in the batteries NADH + FADH2 into more ATP
68
where does lactic acid fermentation occur
in the cytoplasm of muscle cells or by bacteria (yogurt)
69
what occurs during lactic acid fermentation
pyruvic acid produced after glycolysis is converted to lactic acid and you also produce NAD+
70
where does alcohol fermentation occur
cytoplasm of yeast cells
71
what occurs during the alcohol fermentation
pyruvic acid produced after glycolysis is converted to ethanol and CO2 (carbon dioxide) and you produce NAD+

Biol B1 Unit 1 (17 decks)

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