Unit 0 Vocab- Statistical Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

Mean

A

Arithmetic average, which can be skewed by fringe scores.

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2
Q

Mode

A

Most frequently occurring score in a data set (rarely useful).

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3
Q

Median

A

The mid-point of the data set (N).

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4
Q

N value

A

A score that represents the population (# of scores).

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5
Q

Percentile ranking

A

Tells how well you did compared to others (scoring as well as or better than x% of people).

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6
Q

Range

A

The distance between the highest and lowest number in a data set.

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7
Q

Regression to the mean

A

Returning to the average after an event unusually high or low (such as having a lucky day)

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8
Q

Effect size

A

How much the independant variable effects the dependant variable.

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9
Q

Statistical significance

A

The possibility that observed differences in data are due to chance.

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10
Q

P value

A

The statistical significance number in equations.

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11
Q

When P is less than or equal to 5% (0.5)
P<= .05

A

This means the statistic is definitely by chance.

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12
Q

Bell curve

A

A normal bell cure is when the mean, median, and mode are all the same.

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13
Q

Standard deviation

A

How far a score is from the middle of the curve.

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14
Q

Bimodal distribution

A

A bell curve that has two peaks because the data has two modes (e.g. restaurant rush at both lunch and dinner).

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15
Q

Positive correlation

A

As one result goes up on a scatterplot, so does the other, and vice versa.

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16
Q

Causation

A

When an event causes another to happen more or less often (not the same as correlation).

17
Q

Negative correlation

A

If one result on a scatterplot goes down, the other goes up, and vice versa.

18
Q

Correlation coefficient

A

It ranges from 1 (positive) to -1 (negative).

19
Q

Scatterplot

A

Plot points to determine if there is a correlation between two variables and which type of correlation.

20
Q

“0” correlation

A

There is no relationship between two variables.

21
Q

Correlation research design

A

It investigates the relationship between two variables.

22
Q

Directional problem

A

When you can’t tell which variable caused the other.

23
Q

Illusory correlation

A

Seeing a relationship where none exists (e.g. superstition).

24
Q

3-variable problem

A

When a third, confounding variable is added to an experiment that throws it off.

25
Confounding variables
An external factor in an experiment that affects both the independent and dependant variables.
26
Histogram
A bar graph
27
X and Y axes
On a graph X is horizontal and Y is vertical.
28
Inferential statistics
Determining how reliable and statistically significant the statistics are. To see if a result can be generalized to the whole population.
29
Descriptive statistics
Numbers that are true, but can be manipulated to tell different stories. Summarizes data and results.
30
When the mean is greater than the median (mean > median)
There are higher fringe scores.
31
When the median is greater than the mean (median > mean)
There are lower fringe scores.
32
Population percentage for 1SD, 2SD, 3SD normal curve (SD= Standard divination)
1SD= 2/3 (around 68%) 2SD= 95% 3SD= 99%