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AP Psychology > Health Psychology > Flashcards

Health Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Health psychology

A

Biological, social, and psychological factors that influence health and illness. How the mind effects the body.

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2
Q

Stress

A

The physical pressure and strain resulting from changes in the environment. Is in the eye of the beholder and the number three reason for addiction.

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3
Q

Causes of stress

A

Psychological- emotional
Physiological- physical
Behavioral- Poor performance, accidents, aggression

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4
Q

Stressor

A

Anything that causes stress. Minor stressors are called hassles.

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5
Q

“Bad” stress

A

Distress- Overwhelming or threatening.

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6
Q

“Good” stress

A

Eustress- Challenging, requires focus, and often rewarding.

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7
Q

Yerkes-Dodson curve

A

A bell curve showing how stress relates to performance.

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8
Q

Arousal

A

How much attention you’re paying (not sexual).

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9
Q

The #1 stressor

A

Breaking of relationships, separation, death, etc. “Hell is other people.”

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10
Q

Locus of control

A

The location of control.
Internal- Optimism. “I make things happen” mindset. Dealing with stress well.
External- Pessimism. Things happen to you and you have no control. “Why does everything happen to me?” mindset. Causes more anxiety.

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11
Q

Personality

A

Is genetic. What makes you who you are.
Type A- Short-tempered, competitive, ambitious, impatient.
Type B- Easy-going, social, procrastinator, creative.

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12
Q

Learned helplessness

A

Perceived lack of control. Passive resignation produced by repeated negative events. Is a control problem, not a competency problem.

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13
Q

Martin Seligman

A

Learned helplessness. Experimented on dogs by putting them in a shock cage and not letting them out until finally they gave up trying to escape. Even when he opened the cage, now the dogs wouldn’t try to escape.
He also studied the psychology of happiness.

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14
Q

General adaptation syndrome (GAS)

A
  1. Alarm- Body prepared for attack.
  2. Resistance- Body uses great energy to prepare. What we do to respond to a situation.
  3. Fatigue- Exhaustion stage. Tired afterwards.
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15
Q

Dr. Hans Selye

A

Attributed to fight-or-flight and the general adaptation syndrome.

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16
Q

Methods of resistance or response to alarm

A

-Fight
-Flight: Run away
- Fawn: Please someone to avoid conflict
-Freeze: Can’t move/react
-Flop: Collapse or faint

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17
Q

How do women more often respond?

A

Tend-and-befriend rather than fight-or-flight. Reactions to stress differ between genders, and mostly women respond with tend-and-befriend. Where you take care of others and share in your stress by talking about it, etc.

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18
Q

Stress response/fight-or-flight

A

Fast heart rate/breathing, repressed immune system, etc.

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19
Q

To what does the body respond to in the same way?

A

Fear, anger, and arousal (sexual)

20
Q

Adrenalin

A

Epinephrine. Comes from adrenal gland. Both neurotransmitter and hormone. Elevates metabolic rate, increases attention, athletic performance, alertness, fat breakdown, and reduces fatigue. Comes with a price.

21
Q

Physical after effects of stress

A

Hyper-tension (high blood pressure), upset stomach, sleep issues, cortisol release as a defense mechanism, etc.

22
Q

Cortisol

A

Released to make you feel better, deal with pain caused by stress, and is the counter to adrenaline. It can make you want to eat (comfort food) and increases fat storage.

23
Q

Religion

A

Teaches an external locus of control, but the control is benevolent so it relieves stress.

24
Q

Self-esteem

A

Preparation+optimism=self-esteem and increases the ability to lower stress.

25
Q

Hardiness

A

The ability to stay calm. Mental toughness. Genetic and can’t be built.

26
Q

What does how we handle stress depend on?

A

Personality type, locus of control, self-esteem, hardiness, religion/level of spirituality.

27
Q

Resilience

A

Coping. The ability to adapt to stressful situations.

28
Q

Healthy coping mechanisms

A
  1. Taking care of your body. Food, sleep, no substance abuse, etc.
  2. Support from family, friends, etc.
  3. Taking breaks/ going on vacation.
  4. Participating in flow activites
29
Q

Flow activites

A

Healthy activities you do because you enjoy them and find them rewarding. Not interchangeable with leisure because it requires action.

30
Q

Emotion-focused coping skills

A

Dealing with feelings caused by stress. Ex. Meditation, exercise, etc.

31
Q

Problem-focused coping skills

A

Dealing with a problem directly and trying to eliminate it. Ex. Failing and test and then studying to solve the problem.

32
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

Coping used in the wake of threatening situations. Most are considered negative.
Repression, denial, displacement, reaction formation, regression, rationalization, projection, and sublimation.

33
Q

Repression

A

Defense mechanism. Don’t allow yourself to remain aware of the stress by pressing it down and basically forgetting it.

34
Q

Denial

A

Defense mechanism. You don’t forget something, but you choose to ignore it even though you know the truth.

35
Q

Displacement

A

Defense mechanism. Transferring your feelings of anxiety from the real cause to something less threatening, like taking out your anger on someone else who had nothing to do with the situation.

36
Q

Reaction formation

A

Defense mechanism. Expressing the opposite of how you really feel. Ex. When a little boy likes a girl but because they don’t want people to know, instead of being nice they pull their hair, etc.

37
Q

Regression

A

Defense mechanism. We act younger to avoid out current age stress and responsability.

38
Q

Rationalization

A

Defense mechanism. Is the most common mechanism. Basically making excuses.

39
Q

Projection

A

Defense mechanism. Place out own thoughts and feelings in someone else’s head because we assume we think the same.

40
Q

Sublimation

A

Defense mechanism. The only mechanism that can be seen as positive. Taking something negative and doing something positive instead. Ex. Having a stressful day at work and coming home to work out.

41
Q

Psychoneuro-immunology

A

How the mind and body effect each other, specifically how the mind can heal the body. Mental state effecting things like sickness.

42
Q

Happiness

A

A temporary positive emotional response.

43
Q

Adaptation-level phenomenon

A

Happiness is temporary because we get used to/tired of for good or bad situations.

44
Q

Relative deprivation

A

Comparing ourselves to others who have more, creating envy.

45
Q

Joy

A

A more permanent feeling of contentment. Comparing yourself to others who are less fortunate can create feelings of gratitude, the opposite of relative deprivation

AP Psychology (11 decks)

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