Altered States of Consciousness (Sleep/Dreams) 1/3

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

The awareness of our surroundings.

Question 2

Subconscious

Answer 2

Memories and stored knowledge (AKA pre-conscious).

Question 3

Unconscious

Answer 3

Completely theoretical. It affects behaviors and emotions and can’t be accessed by the conscious mind.

Question 4

Carl Jung

Answer 4

A psychologist who believed we inherit certain knowledge (collective unconscious- ex. inherited fear) and that things like dreams and the unconscious are very important.

Question 5

Circadian rhythm

Answer 5

24 hour cycle of when you wake up and when you go to sleep.

Question 6

At what time during your circadian rhythm are you at your highest and lowest points?

Answer 6

Highest with the most energy and focus- 10 am and 7 pm
Lowest energy and focus- Just after lunch (around 12 am) and 3 am.

Question 7

Entrainment

Answer 7

When you train your circadian rhythm to adjust to a new schedule, like when someone has a night job.

Question 8

Melatonin

Answer 8

Produced by the pineal gland. It puts you to sleep and its production can be negatively affected by overhead lights/screens closer to bedtime.

Question 9

Adenosine

Answer 9

It slows down the activity of neurons. Makes you sleepy and builds the longer you stay awake.

Question 10

Serotonin

Answer 10

Regulates mood, appetite, and sleep. Low levels can cause insomnia, depression, and anxiety.

Question 11

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Answer 11

It gives a picture of the waves your brain gives off during different stages of consciousness and sleep.

Question 12

REM sleep

Answer 12

Rapid Eye Movement. The stage of sleep where you’re dreaming and your eyes are reacting to what you see.

Question 13

How long does each sleep cycle last?

Answer 13

About 90 minutes. Each time it takes less time to reach REM and you spend longer in REM.

Question 14

Hypnagogic sensations

Answer 14

Hallucinations that happen in stage one of sleep (NREM-1). Ex. Feeling like you’re falling and waking up suddenly while half-asleep.

Question 15

NREM Stages 1, 2, 3, and 4

Answer 15

1- Light sleep just as your starting to drift off. Only for 5-10 minutes. When you can experience hypnogigic sensations.
2- Light sleep where your body is relaxing.
3- Deep sleep where your brian and body are recovering, healing, and growing.
4- REM sleep

Question 16

Muscle atonia

Answer 16

During REM sleep your body is paralyzed so you don’t physically act out your dreams (excluding the eyes).

Question 17

NREM stages

Answer 17

All stages that aren’t REM sleep, standing for Non-Rapid Eye Movement. NREM-1, etc.

Question 18

REM rebound

Answer 18

If your REM sleep is interrupted or you don’t get enough of it (being woken up during REM, drugs interrupting it, not enough sleep in general, etc.) you will go into REM much faster and spend longer in that stage to make up for previous loss.

Question 19

Average amount of sleep needed by adolescents-

Answer 19

8-10 hours.

Question 20

Sleep debt

Answer 20

The difference in how much sleep you need versus how much you get. Your brain keeps track and will try to make up for the loss whenever possible.

Question 21

Record for the longest time awake

Answer 21

11 days straight set by Randy Gardener. The longest record of staying asleep (not a coma) was also 11 days by the young boy, Wyatt Shaw.

Question 22

Activation-synthesis

Answer 22

Dreams begin as random electrical activation from the brain stem and are initially meaningless.

Question 23

Memory consolidation hypothesis

Answer 23

REM sleep consolidates or solidifies material and memory from during the day.

Question 24

Why do we sleep?

Answer 24

It is the period where we heal and grow, adenosine and melatonin hormones are adjusted, and serotonin is regulated, along with many other hormones and such that are balanced out.

Question 25

What is the only time we remember dreams?

Answer 25

When we wake up during REM sleep.

Question 26

What animals experience REM?

Answer 26

All animals experience REM except for reptiles.

Question 27

Common dream topics-

Answer 27

Trying to repeatedly do something
School, teachers, studying, etc.
Being attacked/pursued
Falling

Question 28

Least common dream topic-

Answer 28

Killing someone

Question 29

Lucid dreams

Answer 29

When you’re aware and can control things while you’re dreaming.

Question 30

What do dreams demonstrate?

Answer 30

Our maturity levels.

Question 31

Sigmund Freud

Answer 31

One of the first to introduce interpreting dreams and the unconscious. Wrote Interpretation of Dreams.

Question 32

Manifest content vs latent content

Answer 32

Manifest- The dream’s storyline
Latent- The meaning behind the dream. Not falsifiable.

Question 33

White noise

Answer 33

Useful when trying to get to sleep because it can help quiet thoughts.