Therapy & Treatments (Test Thurs. 4/17/25)

Question 1

Deinstitutionalization

Answer 1

Advances in medication and knowledge on mental issues that helps the afflicted, stopping them from being treated incorrectly, etc. Like in the 1960’s.

Question 2

People who deal with mental health-

Answer 2

-Counselors/therapists: Front line with patients, most common field
-Clinical psychologist: Design studies, provide research
-Psychiatrist: Can prescribe medication, go to med school and are actually doctors

Question 3

Biopsychosocial model of health

Answer 3

Biology, psychology, and social life blend together to create your mental health.

Question 4

Types of treatment

Answer 4

-Psychotherapy: Basically just therapy, can be individual or group. Behavioral, psychoanalysis, etc.
-Biomedical: Anything (meds or surgery) that effect the patients nervous system. Psychosurgery, psychopharmacology (drugs), etc.

Question 5

Eclectic approach

Answer 5

Multiple types of therapies mixed together, used often.

Question 6

APA code of ethics

Answer 6

American Psychological Association.
1. Produce the greatest good (benefits outweigh the side effects)
2. Fidelity and responsibility to society as a whole as well as the patient
3. Integrity (honesty)
4. Treat everyone equally, no confirmation bias
5. Respect for people’s rights and dignity (no dating patients, etc.)

Question 7

Therapeutic allience

Answer 7

The patient and therapist must work together and have basic trust.
The therapist must properly identify issues and prescribe the best treatment.

Question 8

Approaches to therapy

Answer 8

1. Psychodynamic- Freudian, fixes unconscious anxieties.
2. Humanistic- Finding ideal self
3. Behavioral- Proper behavior with conditioning
4. Cognitive- Changing thought patterns.
5. Biological- Issues come from breakdown of body-brian communicaiton.
6. Evolutionary- Issues are from not adapting to diathesis.
7. Sociocultural- Looking at culture, religion, etc. for solutions.

Question 9

Evolutionary approach to therapy

Answer 9

Issues are the result of not adapting to your diathesis (predispositional vulnerability).

Question 10

Sociocultural approach to therapy

Answer 10

Looking at your culture, religion, heritage, economic status, etc. for solutions.

Question 11

Psychoanalysis vs psychodynamic

Answer 11

Very similar, but psychoanalysis is more long-term and deep into dream interpretation, free association, etc. Psychodynamic does this, but is typically a little shorter and also focuses on the human personality and current things in life, not just past childhood.

Question 12

Psychoanalysis therapy

Answer 12

Long term Freudian therapy used to fix unconscious anxiety from childhood. Believes your unconscious is leaking and disorders are from unconscious things in childhood.
Uses dream interpretation, free association, etc.

Question 13

Free association

Answer 13

Psychoanalysis therapy.
Saying the first thing that comes to mind.

Question 14

Tranference

Answer 14

Psychoanalysis therapy.
Transferring feelings from another onto your therapist. Could be anger, love, etc.

Question 15

Dream analysis

Answer 15

Psychoanalysis therapy.
Interpreting dreams from the leaking unconscious.

Question 16

Resistance

Answer 16

Psychoanalysis therapy.
Resisting going to appointments, etc. because of your problems. Anything that prevents therapy from progressing.

Question 17

Humanistic therapy

Answer 17

“Client-centered therapy” or “non-directive therapy.” Focus on what’s going right, not wrong, to help you reach your ideal self/self actualization.
Maslow and Rogers.

Question 18

Active listening/Rogerian Theory

Answer 18

Humanistic therapy.
AKA Rogerian Theory, named after Carl Rogers.
Echoing back and clarifying what the patient says to demonstrate that you’re listening and encourage the patient to talk.

Question 19

Unconditional positive reguard

Answer 19

Humanistic therapy.
Accepting people as they are no matter what they say or what you want them to be.

Question 20

Behavioral therapy

Answer 20

Focuses on changing unwanted behavior with proper associations and conditioning. Changing behavior to change thoughts.
Only helps with symptoms though, not the cause (like allergy meds).

Question 21

Systematic desensitization

Answer 21

Behavioral therapy.
Exposure therapy. Using the fear hierarchy (levels of exposure) to gradually expose someone to something that causes them anxiety or fear.
Used for mild phobias.

Question 22

Aversion therapy

Answer 22

Behavioral therapy.
Pairs an unwanted behavior with an unwanted stimulus, like smoking with getting sick.
Takes away the pleasure, the opposite of most behavioral therapy where you want to create a dysfunctional association.

Question 23

Token economy

Answer 23

Behavioral therapy.
Earning tokens (like money) for doing good things that can be exchanged for rewards.
Positive reinforcement.

Question 24

Reinforcement

Answer 24

Anything that increases behavior. All reinforcement is considered behavior modification.

Question 25

Cognitive therapy

Answer 25

Changing thoughts to change behavior with cognitive restructuring.

Question 26

CBT

Answer 26

Cognitive therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy. Uses cognitive restructuring to rebuild how you think, leading to behavior changing. (Not like DBT that manages thoughts, rather than changing them completely).

Question 27

Awfulizing

Answer 27

Cognitive therapy. Dreading the worst situation (usually not true).

Question 28

Rational emotive therapy

Answer 28

Cognitive therapy. Albert Elis. Good for anxiety and depression. You can't change A, so change B in order to help C. A + B = C A. Actioning event B. Belief about A (thoughts) C. Emotional behavioral consequences (how you feel)

Question 29

DBT

Answer 29

Cognitive therapy. Dialectical behavior therapy. Used to treat personality disorders, particularly borderline. Teaches the management of negative thoughts and distress tolerance (rather than trying to get rid of the thoughts like in CBT).

Question 30

Group therapy

Answer 30

Type of cognitive therapy. Social support and accountability where you meet with people with similar issues, typically for addictions, anxiety, divorce, etc.

Question 31

Intervention

Answer 31

Cognitive therapy, group therapy. When a group of people are hurt by one person (Ex. an addict). They ambush the person (otherwise they might run if warned beforehand) with the supervision/organization of a therapist. Is a very painful and emotional method that is extreme and doesn't always work.

Question 32

Things needed in an intervention

Answer 32

Group therapy. 1. You must express to the person that you love them. 2. Tell them how they have hurt you and others. 3. Most important- Tell them that they must get help now or the relationship with friends/family ends right then and there.

Question 33

4 "D's" of confronting an addict in intervention

Answer 33

Group therapy. 1. Denial- "I don't have an addiction." 2. Distract- "Well why did you lie and stick your nose in my business?" 3. Delay- "Just give me another week and I'll fix it." 4. Divide- "Dad always gives me a hard time, but Mom, you've always been there to support me."

Question 34

12-step group therapy

Answer 34

Group therapy. Having a mentor and others to keep you accountable with social pressure when fighting, for example, an addiction.

Question 35

Hypnosis

Answer 35

Good for pain control, weight loss, or minor addictions using posthypnotic suggestion. Some believe it's just placebo.

Question 36

Biological approach to theraphy

Answer 36

The issue stems from a breakdown of the body/brain's communication. Drugs must always be ruled out first for this.

Question 37

Biomedical therapy

Answer 37

Using psychopharmacology (medication), ECT (electro-convulsive therapy), or psychosurgery (invasive intervention)

Question 38

Biofeedback

Answer 38

Biomedical therapy. Forming a mind-body connection to help control body systems with greater awareness. Getting feedback from your body with instruments to detect heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, etc.

Question 39

Psychopharmacology

Answer 39

Biomedical therapy. Psychogenic drugs (anything that changes mood, thinking, and behavior, has 4 classes).

Question 40

The 4 classes of psychogenic drugs

Answer 40

Biomedical therapy, psychopharmacology. 1. Anti-depressants 2. Anti-anxiety 3. Anti-psychotic 4. Mood stabilizers

Question 41

IRB

Answer 41

Institutionalized review board. You must get their approval if you are to do an experiment, run by the APA (American Psychological Association). Protects people's welfare and rights.

Question 42

Agonist vs antagonist

Answer 42

Biomedical therapy, psychopharmacology. -Agonist: Increases/mimics the effect of a neurotransmitter. Ex. Opiates with killing pain -Antagonist: Blocks the effect/signal of a neurotransmitter. Ex. Antihistamines block allergies

Question 43

Anti-psychotic

Answer 43

Biomedical therapy, psychopharmacology. Used to treat schizophrenia. Inhibits dopamine in the case of abnormal amounts or increased sensitivity. Side effects include lack of energy, twitches and ticks (TDK), obesity. Unpleasant to take, so many patients stop/refuse.

Question 44

Tardive dyskinesia

Answer 44

Biomedical therapy, psychopharmacology, and anti-psychotics. Side effect of anti-psychotics with ticks and twitches, not the same as stimming.

Question 45

Anti-anxiety

Answer 45

Biomedical therapy, psychopharmacology. Used for extreme anxiety and OCD (Xanax, Ativan, etc.) Resolves symptoms but doesn't resolve the cause of anxiety. Extremely addictive with similar withdrawals to heroine, so psychiatrists are reluctant to prescribe them.

Question 46

Anti-depressant

Answer 46

SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor). Used for depression. Serotonin (mood regulator) is stopped from being retaken by the transmitter so it continues to be used. Much of it is placebo. Side effects include hypertension, weight-gain, dizzy spells, etc.

Question 47

Mood stabilizers

Answer 47

Biomedical therapy, psychopharmacology. Used to treat bipolar mania (high energy, hypersexuality, word salad), not BPD/borderline. Lithium was the first mood stabilizer.

Question 48

Lithium

Answer 48

The first used mood stabilizer.

Question 49

Suicide ideation

Answer 49

Biomedical therapy, psychopharmacology. Suicidal thoughts. Is lowered by anti-depressants and mood stabilizers.

Question 50

Invasive intervention

Answer 50

Biomedical therapy. Destroying parts of the brain to get rid of a behavior.

Question 51

Lesion therapy

Answer 51

Biomedical therapy, invasive intervention. Uses lasers to pinpoint and get rid of a problem area in the brain.

Question 52

Transitional lobotomy

Answer 52

Biomedical therapy, invasive intervention. Disconnects the frontal lobe, going usually through the eyes. Phineas Gage (pole from railroad impaled behind his eye) inspired this when he completely changed after the event, ridding of his inhibitions.

Question 53

ECT

Answer 53

Biomedical therapy, invasive intervention. Electroconvulsive therapy. Used for severe depression to jump start the brain. Is 60% effective for bipolar type one.

Question 54

TMS

Answer 54

Biomedical therapy, invasive intervention. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Instead of ECT with electricity, this uses magnetic fields to help treat depression by stimulating nerve cells.