undertopics p. 143 Flashcards
Avian Metapneumovirus infection aetiology, occurence, age
Paramxyoviridae, Pneumovirinae, Metapneumovirus genus, Avian metapneumovirus
A) Turkey Rhinotracheitis - europe
B) Chicken Rhinotracheitis - europe
C) Duck Rhinotracheitis- america
D) Swollen Head Syndrome
turkey rhinotrracheitis - production decrease and sinusitis - worst at 4-9w of age
chicken - 2 month old chick - egg production, quality worse
swollen head syndrome - ocular edema, sinusitis
duck rhinotracheitis - resp signs, egg production drop
very fast spread, more severe in turkey then hens, wild birds may be reservoir hosts,
Vesicular Stomatitis
Rhabdoviridae , Vesiculovirus, Vesicular Stomatitis Virus
endemic in America also occurs in france and south africa
different arthropods and indirect/direct transmission with benign vesicles on mith, leg, teats in horse cattle, swine, sheep, goat , human
susceptibility increases with age
mild but zoonosis
increased salivation can be generalized vesicles on the hoof low resistance lesions on the teats endemic in america lesions heal within a few weeks
Ephemeral Fever
Rhabdoviridae, Ephemervirus, Bovine Ephimeral Fever Virus
Africa, South East Asia, Australia, Middle East
spread ONLY by mosquitos, (NOT contagious) more severe in high yielding dairy cows with fever and milk production decrease
high morbidity low mortality
especially in tropical countries
2-3 day fever
Rabies Aetiology with genotypes, pathology, shedding, detection
Rabies has 15 genotypes, and has 3 forms: urban, sylvatic and bat
it occurs worldwide
Rhabdoviridae, Lyssavirus, Rabies virus
cytoplasmic inclusion bodies that are negri bodies in the nerve cells
it sheds the virus in the saliva before clinical signs can even appear! (it replicates in the salivary gland)
ELISA is NOT used, IF and PCR
herbivoris = dead end host
not uniform, not resistant, NOO HAEMATOGENIC SPREAD!! only along the nerve cells
cats - furious rabies
humans can get infected through direct contact with bats
cytoplasmic inclusion bodies
aggressiveness is a frequent sign of rabies
humans are not very susceptible
increased sex drive is a frequent sign of rabies
foxes maintain sylvatic cycle in europe
incubation 2-8w
dogs have to be observed for 14 days if they have bitten humans
immunofluorescence detection
urban rabies is maintained by dogs and cats
herbivores are dead end hostspost exposition vaccine
purulent encephalitis in negri bodies
we can use live vaccines in fox rabies
shed in high titre in the saliva
vaccinated with attenuated bait vaccine
may be vaccinated post exposition
changed behaviour as typical signs
live vaccines are used
Rabies clinical forms, way of infection, shedding, incubation, phases
furious rabies: alteration of behavior
silent rabies: paralysis
infection through bite - stays at the site of the infection, replicates and climbs up the nerve cells while there is NO viraemia
shedding happens before clinical signs appear, the incubation can be 2-8 weeks in general, but in humans can be 2 years
Introductory Phase - shyness, anorexia
Excitation Phase - aggressiveness
Paralysis Phase - jaw paralysis, salivation
Transmissible Gastroenteritis of Swine aetiology, age, occurence
Coronaviridae, Alphacoronavirus
occurence worldwide except tropical countries
seasonal (november-april) during farrowing
age dependent clinical signs: newborne up to 10 days - 100% mortality
2-3 weeks old: 20% mortality
older/adults: absent/mild clinical signs: inappetence, weight loss, water diarrhea
TGE: typical sign is vomiting and diarrhea
can replicate in youngs
colostral immunity protects
AB from resp coronavirus protect the pigs against TGE
virus does not reach foetuses
does not cause haemagglutination in vitro
can cause 100% mortality in newborn piglets
pathology is not characteristic
can replicate in the intestine
enzootic form
high morbidity
cross protection between the resp form and this one, but NOT with the haemagglutinating one
spreads rapidly
can cause disease in winter
transmitted with milk
1-3 d incubation period
Porcine Epidemic Diarrea
Coronaviridae, Alphacoronavirus, PEDV 1+2
Type 1: england: feed/fatteners, no clinical signs in sucklings
type 2: USA - all ages, piglets too
very similar to TGE; usually less severe
profuse diarrhea
infects Large intestine, occassional replication in crypts, profuse diarrhea
clinical signs in older animals repilcates in the colon PEDV also in europe resembles TGE occurs in europe but NOT frequent
Haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis coronavirus of pigs
Coronaviridae, Betacoronavirus, PHEV
world wide presence
sporadic occurence
CNS disease, causes vomiting when in n.vagus ganglion
piglets loose weight, dehydration
vomit/wasting few days after birth unable to suck
ontario disease: less then 3 weeks old, loss of appetite
gets to the CNS via the peripheral nerves, infects young pigs,
Coronaviral diarrhea of cattle and dogs
bovine coronavirus - betacoronavirus 1
coronaviridae, betacoronavirus 1, BCoV
calf until 3 weeks: calf diarrhea watery diarrhea
calf and weaner: (2-6 months): respiratory disease, sometimes co ifnection with adeno
adults: winter dysentery november-april (after calving) quick spread, milk production drop, watery then haemorrhagic diarrhea
corona of dogs:
canine enteric coronavirus
canine pantropic coronavirus
canine respiratory coronavirus
bovine coronavirus can cause diarrhea in adult animals
can cause watery diarrhea in calves up to 3 months
the feline coronavirus causes viraemia
clostridium botulinum has a wide host range
yo
Coronavirus in Canine
1) Canine Enteric Coronavirus
Coronaviridae, Alphacoronavirus, CCoV
small intestinal epithel destruction, no fever, diarrhea, healing in 8-10days
loss of appetite, depression, vomit
2) Canine Pantropic Coronavirus: Coronaviridae, Alphacoronavirus, 2a genotype
50-60 day old: typical clinical symptoms with fever, lethargy, inappetence, vomiting
3) Canine Respiratory Coronavirus
Coronaviridae, Betacoronavirus, CRCoV
sometimes asymptomatic, mild respiratory
Diseases of Cats Caused by Coronavirus
1) Feline Infectious Peritonitis
Coronaviridae, Alphacoronavirus, FeCoV
type 3 hypersensitivity: effusive FIP (wet)
type 4 hypersensitivity: non-effusive FIP (dry)
young cat: diarrhea
every cat: weight loss, fever, anorexia
Infectious Bronchitis of chicken
avian coronavirus Coronaviridae, Gammacoronaviridae, IBV worldwide presence below 6 weeks: permanent oviduct damage grower: transient damage layer: transient damage - drop in egg production nephropathogen: nephritis/arthritis NO vertical transmission
Coronaviral enteritis of turkey
Coronaviridae, Gammacoronavirus, TCoV
worldwide presence
more severe in younger animals, no maternal immunity
foamy watery diarrhea
Retroviridae subfamilies and in general
Alpharetrovirus: avian leukosis-sarcoma virus, avian sarcoma,
Betaretrovirus: ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus, ovine enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma virus
Gammaretrovirus: feline leukosis, feline sarcoma virus, reticuloendotheliosis virus
Deltaretrovirus: enzootic bovine leukosis virus
Epsilonretrovirus: fish tumour viruses
Lentivirus: Maedi-Visna virus, caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus, equine infectious anemia virus, feline immune deficienxcy virus bovine immune deficiency virus
so: alpha-avian beta-ovine gamma-feline delta-bovine epsilon - fish lenti - immunosuppressive, not oncogenic
lifelong carriage carry an integrase enzyme malignant transformation of host cells! enveloped virus with very low resistance they are unstable - genetic changes happen really fast very stenoxen viruses immunosuppression integrate into the genome of the host cells reverse transcriptase: RNA viruses lifelong infection not very resistant causing permanent infection high host specificity carried lifelong transcribe their nucleic acid into dna generally narrow host range converst RNA of retroviruses into DNA shed in infected lymphoid cells proliferation of the lymphoid cells spread with infected lymphocytes incorporate into the genome widely distributed in hungary can replicate without helper retroviruses good antigens own metabolic system
Enzootic Bovine Leukosis
retroviridae, orthoretrovirinae, deltaretrovirus, enzootic bovine leukosis virus
world wide occurence, eradication program in many countries
pretumor phase: no clinical signs
tumor phase: lymphnode enlarged, depression, fatigue, anorexia
