p. 243 Flashcards
Yersiniosis: rodentosis and diseases caused by yersinia enterocolitica (which agents do you have to know in this topic?)
Y. pestis - Plague
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis - Rodentiosis
Y. enterocolitica
Y. pestis
sylvatic cycle in wild living rodents, (USA, South America, Africa, Asia) urban cycle with rats
vector is the flee
dogs and cats susceptible, infection via arthopods, inhalation, wounds
bubonic plague - enlarged lymph nodes
septicaemia
pneumonic plague
asymptomatic
Streptomycin and Gentamycin
Y. pseudotuberculosis
worldwide occurence, sporadic small rodents, hare, birds and mammals focal infection enteritis, necrosis and haemorrhages acute - rare chronic - diarrhea in roents, cattle, horse, dog, birds streptomycin, tetracyclin
Y. pseudotuberculosis
worldwide occurence, sporadic small rodents, hare, birds and mammals focal infection enteritis, necrosis and haemorrhages acute - rare chronic - diarrhea in rodents, cattle, horse, dog, birds streptomycin, tetracyclin
generalised disease in hares starvation in the winter predisposes zoonotic can cause diarrhea shed in faeces no vaccine in farm animals wide host range enteritis colonize the gut mainly per os infection generalized in brown hare survive in the environment arthritis in the chronic form rodentiosis is caused by this resistant and replicates in the environment sporadic abortion in cattle inflammatory necrotic erosions in rodents
Y. enterocolitica
shed in faeces by swine, rodents, hare, farm animals and birds
contaminated water and food
feve, diarrhea,
in ruminants sporadic abortion
focal inflammation and necrosis in the gut wall
zoonosis, can infect human from contaminated water, fruits, vegetables
cross reaction with brucella
primary recplication are the tonsils and lymphoid tissue of the gut
tetracycline for treatment
Necrobacillosis
sporadic occurence
F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum - calf dyphteria
lambs, calves, young rabbits
necrosis in oral cavity, fever, edema, saliation
neglected desinfection of navel biggest predisposing factor
can help the bacterium of foot rot rumen parakeratosis predisposes laryngeal erosion as place of entry causes liver necrosis necrosis in the mouth
Panaritium of Ruminants
widespread occurence - strictly anaerobe
dichelobacter nodosus - keratinase as virulence factor - decomposes keratin
if animal stands for long time in warm, rainy weather, in mud or wet pastures - hoof becomes softer - place of entry
typical disease in spring and autumn, morbidity is 100%
benign foot root, virulent food fot
interdigital dermatitis - pain and lameness
individual surgery or hoof paring , foot bath, local treatment
Calf diphtery
sporadic occurence, F. necrophorum
cough, painful respiration and swallowing
laryngeal ulcer and edema
sulfonamides, penicillin
respiratory pasteurellosis of cattle
mainly in young animals
forms: shipping fever, bovine respiratory disease complex
P. multocida A, Mannheimia haemolytica A1, A2
airborne infection
stress and predisposing factors lead to propagation
M. haemolytica - leukotoxin production - damage alveolar macrophage
in calves between 1-3 months
Tracheitis, Bronchitis, Fibrinous pneumonia
antibiotic treatment with tetracycline, fluoroquinolone
killed vaccines
haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle
P- multocida B:2 (Southeast Asia, sporadic in Europe), E:2 (Africa)
Mannheimia haemolytica can cause septicaemia but only in young calves
cattle, buffallo and rumonants
monsoon is predisposing
endemic disease in 1/2 year to 2 year old animals (maternal protection)
aerogenic, propagation in tonsils, endotoxin effectm death within 8-24 hours
peracute - haemorrhages, edema, enlarged lymph nodes
early antibiotic treatment, penicillin, tetracyclin
prevention with vacicne
acute disease high morbidity and mortality oedema formation monsoon! shedding after recovery haemorrhages on the heart reconvalescent animals can carry exhausting work can predispose aerogenic infection fever caused by B and E types infection from the environment hyaluronic acid capsule
Pasteurellosis of sheep and goats
widespread occurence, everywhere
P. Multocida A, M. haemolytica A1, A2, A6, A9
Bibersteinia Trehalosi
agents carried in tonsils
predisposing factors cold weather, Se deficiency
respiratory pasteurellosis: in lambs arthritis, middle ear infection, meningitis
Septicaemia: <3 months old lambs septicaemia, high fever, depression
Mastitis: agalactia, starvation of lambs - congested and cyanotic udder, unilateral, death is rare
acute systemic pasteurellosis: airborne, sudden death, necrosis in respiratory mucous membranes
inactivated vaccines
Pasteurelosis of goats: P. multocida, M. haemolytica, B. trehalosi
acute sytemic pasteurella mainly in 3-12 m old lambs
cough and nasal discharge, arthritis
septicaemia in lambs younger then 3 m
mastitis
inactivated vaccines can be used
dermonecrotoxin of p. multocida produces irreversible lesions
resp pasteurellosis of sheep
leukotoxin!
bacterial emboli are responsible for the clinical signs
Pasteurellosis of swine
Acute haemorrhagic Septicaemia
sporadic, tropical countries
P. multocida B:2 sudden appearance
fever, anorexia, subcutaneous edema
Pneumonia of swine P. multocida A in growers and fattening pigs raspiratory signs treatment with AB individual and mass treatment
Pasterurelosis of rabbits
P. multocida A , mixed infection possible - S. Aureus, B. bronchiseptica
large scale farms, great economic impact
first cases in 4-5 week old rabbits, mainly see cases in 2-3month old animals, becomes endemic
infection from carrier animals via inhalation
septicaemia - otitis media
purulent bronchopneumonia
tetracyclines, macrolides
atrophic rhinitis of swine
widespread, clinical form is rare because effective prevention
Bordetella Bronchiseptica and P- multocida D and A
Demonecrotoxin
predisposing factors
progressive and non progressive form
toxic B. bronchiseptica: inflammation of the mucous membranes of nasal cavity, turbinate bone atrophy
P. multocida - toxin damages osteoblasts
deformation of nose by atrophy of bones
irreversible
piglets 1-4 week: rhinitis, blood in nares
above 3 months: block of lacrimal channel, skin around eyes will be wet, deformation of the nose
no treatment in adult pigs,
vaccination of pregnant sows
Fowl cholera
warmer climate, summer, late autumn and in water fowl
P. multocida A,
turkey, duck, goose, hen
virulent strains cause acute fowl cholera
less virulent strains - chronic forms, asymptomatic carriage
no germinative infectoin
predisposing factors
airborne or oral infetion
endotoxin effect will activate coagulation cascade
chronic - arthritis, tendosynovitis
fast diagnosis is crucial, exponential death curve
immediate antibiotic treatment: tetracyclines, macrolydes per os (parenteral can transmit the infection
