underpoints p. 68 Flashcards
African Swine Fever
Asfarviridae family, Asfivirus Genus
occurence in Africa, Europe, America, endemic in Sardinia
arbovirus, transmission with soft tick but also with saliva
type 3 hypersensitivity bc immunocomplex formation
high virulence/peracute; moderate/acute; mild
peracute: sudden death with CNS
moderate: spleen enlargement, skin lesions
mild: seroconversion, multifocal skin necrosis
abortion in ALL virulence strains, haemorrhages n skin
chronic form with spleen hyperplasia and skin necrosis
acute with black LN
NO VACCINE!! No antibodies are produced
Teschovirus Encephalomyelitis aetiology and effected animals
picornaviridae, porcine enteroviral encephalomyelitis
( Teschen disease and Talfan disease)
only pigs are susceptible - stenoxen
occurence of Teschen disease + age
endemic in middle europe, madagascar any age flaccid paralysis, mild fever but esp young piglets susceptible Only in pigs No gross pathology lesions In older pigs Picorna Both Young and old
occurence of talfan disease + age
europe, america, australia
picornavirus!
suckling piglets before weaning, under 4 months of age
transient paralysis of the hindlimbs
ataxia, paralysis + coma and death after 3-4 days
replicates in the gut caused by virus of decreased virulence no vaccine disease of pigs teschen has more severe sisgns
Phases of teschovirus + pathology + vaccine
Enteral Phase
Viraemic Phase
Neural Phase
NO vaccination available, No gross pathology lesions
Swine Vesicular Disease pathology, susceptibility, CS
Picornaviridae - Enterovirus - Coxsackie virus
only pigs are susceptible
no gross pathology lesions
vesicles on the snouts and feet but frequently asymptomatic
SWINE vesicular disease special clinical signs + vaccine
Coxsackie B 5 =enterovirus=picornaviridae
Worldwide presence
CNS signs, vesicles on snouts, teats, legs, rarely abortions, fever,
NO VACCINE AVAILABLE
Good resistance Asymptomatic carriers Replication in the epithelium of the throat and tonsils ONLY PIGS It is very resistant in meat and faeces Endemic in italy Hongkong By CS can not be differentiated from FMD Lameness is a sign of swine vesicular disease
occurence of swine vesicular disease
Europe is generally free
in southern part of italy endemic
vesicular exanthema of swine aetiology
VESV - Calicivirus, Vesivirus
occurence of vesicular exanthema of swine and speciality
sporadic outbreaks in the USA, in seals in pacific costal
transmits in raw pork side products! primary source of infection is sea mammals and fish - survives in water for at least 2 weeks
has a wide host range , including huans seals monkeys foxes but NOT cattle
killing of infected herds to avoid the spread
avian encephalomyelitis
Tremovirus (PICORNAviridae, hepatovirus, tremorvirus
worldwide presence
clinical signs mainly in 1-2 weeks old up to 4-5 weeks of age (young animals)
spreading H+V
CNS, inflammation, pancreas, spleen, liver, Tremor!
no gross pathology
Older animal: subclinical infection
vaccination in drinking water
chicken and phaesants
incubation time is 11 days
duck viral hepatitis aetiology
4) Serotype 1: cause of duck viral hepatitis -Picornaviridae, Avihepatovirus, Duck Hepatitis A virus
duck viral hepatitis
worldwide clinical signs in young ducklings 0-4 weeks of age peracute: death within hours acute: spasmodic paddling, ataxia liver yellow with haemorrhages inactivated and attenuated vaccine
Astroviral Diseases of birds
Avian Nephritis:
Duck hepatitis: like duck viral hepatitis
Astroviral disease of turkey: diarrhea in 1-5 week old animals
Encephalomyocarditis
Picornaviridae, Cardiovirus genus
wide host range up to 30 species (rodents, swine, birds, humans, elephants)
Europe, North America, Australia - clinical form not so widespread
sheds by faeces of rodents and urine if carnivore eats infected rodent
in any age group but more severe in young animals
acute myocarditis - enlargement, pulm edema
some inactivated vaccines, prevention with rodent control
Foot and Mouth disease aetiology and genotypes, subtypes, strain + occurence
Picornaviridae, Aphtovirus
endemic in Africa, Asia, Middle East
Australia, New Zealand, Indonesia, Central and North America, and continental Western Europe are currently free of FMD
VP1:
7 serotypes: O and A found worldwide, C is rare
SAT 1,2,3: Africa and Arabia
Asia-1: Asia, Turkey, Middle East
Foot and mouth disease resistance and carriage and shedding
very good, can survive in manure, frozen meat, milk powder up to 40 days
virus shedding starts after 9 hours infection
sheep and goat have mild symptoms, swine shed the virus in higher quantitity then ruminants but ruminants have more severe clinical signs
spreading through basically all contact materials, body fluids and air, fur milk everything
vaccinated still carry and shed the virus
FMD typical clinical signs, way of infection
airborne, PO, contact with infected material
vesicles on mucosa and skin:
cattle, goat: severe mouth vesicles with tattered edge and red base
feet: severe lameness in cow and sheep
loss of hoof keratin layer in swine
wild animals have mild symptoms
myocarditis in young animals
Rabbit Haemorrhagic disease , European brown hair syndrome aetiology
Calicivirus - Lagovirus genus
Rabbit Haemorrhagic disease virus
European hare syndrome virus
Diseases caused by Astroviruses - Which ones?
1) Avian Nephritis by Avian nephritis 1 virus
2) Mamastrovirus: Gastroenteritis in Ho, Su, Bo, Fe, mainly in winter
3) Duck Hepatitis - similar symptoms as in duck viral hepatitis
Avian Nephritis
Avastrovirus genus: chicken astrovirus, avian nephritis 1
Japan, US, Europe, New Zealand, widespread seropositivity
only chickens are susceptible in ANY age group, but in young more severe
shedding in faeces
acute: not specific, general clinical signs - diarrhea, kidney lesions
chronic: visceral urate deposits and death
No vaccines
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease in general
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus 1: only rabbits are susceptible, for months in chilled/frozen resistance
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus 2: Rabbit and hare are susceptible, serologically different from RHDV 1
European Brown Hair syndrome: only the hare is susceptible, serologically different
flies can spread the virus, few viral particles are enough for conjunctival route
rabbits over 1 month are susceptible
world wide presence, in australia the virus is used to eradicate rabbits
depression, fever, edema, haemorrhage in lungs, resp tract
no treatment
vaccination with inactivated vaccine
feline calicivirus
vesivirus genus
domestic cats and other felids, marine mammals, dog world wide presence, especially breeder catteries
long term carriers and continoous shedder cats
persisting infections in tonsil and nasopharyngeal mucosa
conjunctival and respiratory signs that are mild, lameness and fever (limping syndrome)
erosions in the oral cavity,
chronic = lymphoblastic gingivitis
live vaccination can make them carrier of virus and still shed it!
attenuated and inactivated vaccines
Bluetongue disease
world wide distribution, mainly in warmer region
Bluetongue virus, Orbivirus genus, Reoviridae
vectors are midges/gnats - long distance spread
sheep, cattle, goat are susceptible, ruminants too
abortion, oedema, muscles damage, enteritis in lambs, cyanosis is rare (endothelial damage!!)
cattle - abortion, congenital defects, frequently subclinical
goats: subclinical
haemorrhages, myocardial and muscle dystrophy
slaughter of affected animals
in africa: vaccination
Disease similar to bluetongue
-Ibaraki disease and Epizootic Haemorrhagic fever USA, in wild deer vectored by mosquito and midges endothelial damage, Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus
Reoviral Diseases of Poultry
Tenosynovitis-Arthritis Enteritis, Stunting disease, PEMS Helicopter disease, blue wing disease Malabsorption syndrome Hydropericardium Respiratory Disease Immunosuppression
main signs of tenosynovitis arthritis and aetiology
Reoviral disease of poultry
Arthritis in the knee, swollen joints, deformed toes
erosions in synovial cartilage, ankyloses, edema, haemorrhages
vaccination important!
generalised form: focal necrosis in liver, dystrophy, thymus atrophy, myocarditis arthritis
runting stunting syndrome
Reoviral disease of poultry aetiology
world wide, all serotypes
mainly chicken, turkey, goose, a lot of bird species
over 10 days of age only infection but no signs
germinative infection!
