underpoints p. 68

Question 1

African Swine Fever

Answer 1

Asfarviridae family, Asfivirus Genus
occurence in Africa, Europe, America, endemic in Sardinia
arbovirus, transmission with soft tick but also with saliva
type 3 hypersensitivity bc immunocomplex formation
high virulence/peracute; moderate/acute; mild
peracute: sudden death with CNS
moderate: spleen enlargement, skin lesions
mild: seroconversion, multifocal skin necrosis
abortion in ALL virulence strains, haemorrhages n skin
chronic form with spleen hyperplasia and skin necrosis
acute with black LN
NO VACCINE!! No antibodies are produced

Question 2

Teschovirus Encephalomyelitis aetiology and effected animals

Answer 2

picornaviridae, porcine enteroviral encephalomyelitis
( Teschen disease and Talfan disease)
only pigs are susceptible - stenoxen

Question 3

occurence of Teschen disease + age

Answer 3

endemic in middle europe, madagascar
any age flaccid paralysis, mild fever
but esp young piglets susceptible
Only in pigs
No gross pathology lesions
In older pigs
Picorna
Both Young and old

Question 4

occurence of talfan disease + age

Answer 4

europe, america, australia
picornavirus!
suckling piglets before weaning, under 4 months of age
transient paralysis of the hindlimbs
ataxia, paralysis + coma and death after 3-4 days

replicates in the gut
caused by virus of decreased virulence
no vaccine
disease of pigs
teschen has more severe sisgns

Question 5

Phases of teschovirus + pathology + vaccine

Answer 5

Enteral Phase
Viraemic Phase
Neural Phase

NO vaccination available, No gross pathology lesions

Question 6

Swine Vesicular Disease pathology, susceptibility, CS

Answer 6

Picornaviridae - Enterovirus - Coxsackie virus
only pigs are susceptible
no gross pathology lesions
vesicles on the snouts and feet but frequently asymptomatic

Question 7

SWINE vesicular disease special clinical signs + vaccine

Answer 7

Coxsackie B 5 =enterovirus=picornaviridae
Worldwide presence
CNS signs, vesicles on snouts, teats, legs, rarely abortions, fever,
NO VACCINE AVAILABLE

Good resistance
Asymptomatic carriers
Replication in the epithelium of the throat and tonsils
ONLY PIGS
It is very resistant in meat and faeces
Endemic in italy
Hongkong
By CS can not be differentiated from FMD
Lameness is a sign of swine vesicular disease

Question 8

occurence of swine vesicular disease

Answer 8

Europe is generally free

in southern part of italy endemic

Question 9

vesicular exanthema of swine aetiology

Answer 9

VESV - Calicivirus, Vesivirus

Question 10

occurence of vesicular exanthema of swine and speciality

Answer 10

sporadic outbreaks in the USA, in seals in pacific costal
transmits in raw pork side products! primary source of infection is sea mammals and fish - survives in water for at least 2 weeks
has a wide host range , including huans seals monkeys foxes but NOT cattle
killing of infected herds to avoid the spread

Question 11

avian encephalomyelitis

Answer 11

Tremovirus (PICORNAviridae, hepatovirus, tremorvirus
worldwide presence
clinical signs mainly in 1-2 weeks old up to 4-5 weeks of age (young animals)
spreading H+V
CNS, inflammation, pancreas, spleen, liver, Tremor!
no gross pathology
Older animal: subclinical infection
vaccination in drinking water
chicken and phaesants
incubation time is 11 days

Question 12

duck viral hepatitis aetiology

Answer 12

4) Serotype 1: cause of duck viral hepatitis -Picornaviridae, Avihepatovirus, Duck Hepatitis A virus

Question 13

duck viral hepatitis

Answer 13

worldwide
clinical signs in young ducklings 0-4 weeks of age
peracute: death within hours
acute: spasmodic paddling, ataxia
liver yellow with haemorrhages
inactivated and attenuated vaccine

Question 14

Astroviral Diseases of birds

Answer 14

Avian Nephritis:
Duck hepatitis: like duck viral hepatitis
Astroviral disease of turkey: diarrhea in 1-5 week old animals

Question 15

Encephalomyocarditis

Answer 15

Picornaviridae, Cardiovirus genus
wide host range up to 30 species (rodents, swine, birds, humans, elephants)
Europe, North America, Australia - clinical form not so widespread
sheds by faeces of rodents and urine if carnivore eats infected rodent
in any age group but more severe in young animals
acute myocarditis - enlargement, pulm edema
some inactivated vaccines, prevention with rodent control

Question 16

Foot and Mouth disease aetiology and genotypes, subtypes, strain + occurence

Answer 16

Picornaviridae, Aphtovirus
endemic in Africa, Asia, Middle East
Australia, New Zealand, Indonesia, Central and North America, and continental Western Europe are currently free of FMD

VP1:
7 serotypes: O and A found worldwide, C is rare
SAT 1,2,3: Africa and Arabia
Asia-1: Asia, Turkey, Middle East

Question 17

Foot and mouth disease resistance and carriage and shedding

Answer 17

very good, can survive in manure, frozen meat, milk powder up to 40 days
virus shedding starts after 9 hours infection
sheep and goat have mild symptoms, swine shed the virus in higher quantitity then ruminants but ruminants have more severe clinical signs
spreading through basically all contact materials, body fluids and air, fur milk everything
vaccinated still carry and shed the virus

Question 18

FMD typical clinical signs, way of infection

Answer 18

airborne, PO, contact with infected material
vesicles on mucosa and skin:
cattle, goat: severe mouth vesicles with tattered edge and red base
feet: severe lameness in cow and sheep
loss of hoof keratin layer in swine
wild animals have mild symptoms
myocarditis in young animals

Question 19

Rabbit Haemorrhagic disease , European brown hair syndrome aetiology

Answer 19

Calicivirus - Lagovirus genus
Rabbit Haemorrhagic disease virus
European hare syndrome virus

Question 20

Diseases caused by Astroviruses - Which ones?

Answer 20

1) Avian Nephritis by Avian nephritis 1 virus
2) Mamastrovirus: Gastroenteritis in Ho, Su, Bo, Fe, mainly in winter
3) Duck Hepatitis - similar symptoms as in duck viral hepatitis

Question 21

Avian Nephritis

Answer 21

Avastrovirus genus: chicken astrovirus, avian nephritis 1
Japan, US, Europe, New Zealand, widespread seropositivity
only chickens are susceptible in ANY age group, but in young more severe
shedding in faeces
acute: not specific, general clinical signs - diarrhea, kidney lesions
chronic: visceral urate deposits and death
No vaccines

Question 22

Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease in general

Answer 22

Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus 1: only rabbits are susceptible, for months in chilled/frozen resistance
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus 2: Rabbit and hare are susceptible, serologically different from RHDV 1
European Brown Hair syndrome: only the hare is susceptible, serologically different
flies can spread the virus, few viral particles are enough for conjunctival route
rabbits over 1 month are susceptible
world wide presence, in australia the virus is used to eradicate rabbits
depression, fever, edema, haemorrhage in lungs, resp tract
no treatment
vaccination with inactivated vaccine

Question 23

feline calicivirus

Answer 23

vesivirus genus
domestic cats and other felids, marine mammals, dog world wide presence, especially breeder catteries
long term carriers and continoous shedder cats
persisting infections in tonsil and nasopharyngeal mucosa
conjunctival and respiratory signs that are mild, lameness and fever (limping syndrome)
erosions in the oral cavity,
chronic = lymphoblastic gingivitis
live vaccination can make them carrier of virus and still shed it!
attenuated and inactivated vaccines

Question 24

Bluetongue disease

Answer 24

world wide distribution, mainly in warmer region
Bluetongue virus, Orbivirus genus, Reoviridae
vectors are midges/gnats - long distance spread
sheep, cattle, goat are susceptible, ruminants too
abortion, oedema, muscles damage, enteritis in lambs, cyanosis is rare (endothelial damage!!)
cattle - abortion, congenital defects, frequently subclinical
goats: subclinical
haemorrhages, myocardial and muscle dystrophy
slaughter of affected animals
in africa: vaccination

Question 25

Disease similar to bluetongue

Answer 25

-Ibaraki disease and Epizootic Haemorrhagic fever
USA, in wild deer
vectored by mosquito and midges
endothelial damage, 
Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus

Question 26

Reoviral Diseases of Poultry

Answer 26

Tenosynovitis-Arthritis
Enteritis, Stunting disease, PEMS
Helicopter disease, blue wing disease
Malabsorption syndrome 
Hydropericardium
Respiratory Disease
Immunosuppression

Question 27

main signs of tenosynovitis arthritis and aetiology

Answer 27

Reoviral disease of poultry
Arthritis in the knee, swollen joints, deformed toes
erosions in synovial cartilage, ankyloses, edema, haemorrhages
vaccination important!
generalised form: focal necrosis in liver, dystrophy, thymus atrophy, myocarditis arthritis
runting stunting syndrome

Question 28

Reoviral disease of poultry aetiology

Answer 28

world wide, all serotypes
mainly chicken, turkey, goose, a lot of bird species
over 10 days of age only infection but no signs
germinative infection!