p. 315 Flashcards
Turkey Mycoplasmosis
M. meleagridis
used to be widespread, eradication programs
turkey are susceptible, chicken have no signs
transmission sexual, egg
infected eggs will be laid
decreased hatching rate, weak poults, 1-10 weeks old
bone disorders, arthritis, movement disorders
air sacculitis in day old animals
Haemotropic mycoplasma diseases of pig and sheep
sporadic, worldwide
Mycoplasma suis, species specific, cannot be cultured, replication on red blood cells
transmission with blood sucking parasites, surgery, intrauterine infection
piglets: fever, anorexia, depression
sow: fever, anorexia, rash, milk production drops
enlarged spleen 2-3x typical, anemia jaundice
tetracyclines, individual, herd treatment
M ovis of sheep sporadic, worldwide mycoplasma ovis sheep, goats are susceptible haemotropic mycoplasma spreads iatrogenic, blood sucking parasites the infection persists for years fever, anemia, haemorrhages, edema oxytetracycline
Mycoplasma of dogs and cats
Dogs: M. canis, M. cynos, M. spumans
reproduction disease: male dog - epididymitis, orchitis, infertility
bitch: vaginitis, metritis, salpingitis
mild respiratory dsease
Cats: M. felis - conjunctivitis, mild resp disease; tiamulin, macrolides
Haemobartonellosis of dogs and cats - haemotropic mycoplasma
feline infectious anemia more frequent in cats than in dogs
worldwide occurence
dog: M. haemofelis, M. haemominutum
cat: M. haemocanis, M. haemoparvum
infection: arthropods. fighting, iatrogenic, intra uterine, milk
attached to membrane of RBC
immune supression, anemia, jaundice
fever, anorexia,
tetracyclines, blood transfusion
characteristics of chlamydia
bacterium or virus - has DNA and RNA, has cell wall, replicates by division, own metabolism, double membrane: cytoplasm and outer membrane, obligate intracellular
no peptidoglycan in cell wall
staining: modified Ziehl-Neelsen
antigens: LPS, proteins
clinnical signs only in certain species, asymptomatic carriage is frequent
treatment with tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, macrolides
bovine chlamydiosis
C. abortus: abortion
C. pecorum: encephalomyelitis, conjunctivits, arthritis
C. psitacci: sporadically
frequently asymptomatic, clinical signs after introducing calves introducing pregnant cows
large scale farms
nervous form in young animals, generally <5 months
PO infection - uterus, foetus
shed in faeces and milk
abortion form: abortion, non viable lams, retention of foetal membranes, mastitis, orchitis
pneumonic form: fever, wet cough, nasal discharge
arthritis form
encephalomyelitis form
conjunctivitis form
no mixing, no vaccines
Chlamydial diseases of sheep (zoon.)
enzootic abortion of ewes
widespread, frequent, most freqeunt infectious abortion!!
C. abortus: abortion
C. pecorum: arthritis, conjunctivits, enteritis
sometimes C. psitaci
long presence in the flock
abortion after introduction of young pregnant sheep
respiratory disease in few week old lambs
aerogenic infection
abortion, pneumonia, arthritis, conjunctivitis
1) enzootic abortion of ewes (2-3 w) - young ewes, first lambing
2) pneumonic forms - nasal discharge
3) arthritis
4) conjunctivitis
5) enteritis
tetracycline treatment 3-5 days
isolation of aborted sheep, desinfection
no mixing, inactivated vaccine, live attenuated vaccine not safe –can cause abortion
Avian chlamydiosis
Ornithosis - zoonotic
turkey, duck, geese, hen
widespread, asymptomatic common
C. psitaci
aerogenic infection - encephalitis, respiratory, alimentary
generalised - turkey, duck, goose: fever, pneumonia, sinusitis, conjunctivitis
hen - milder
pigeon: mainly nestlings showing clinical signs
parrot: sudden death, anorexia
tetracycline, fluroquinolone
no vaccine
Q-fever
Coxiella burnetti
worldwide, europe
focal infection: rodents, birds, wild living animals, ruminants
ticks: passage in ticks increases virulence
spreading: ticks, abortion
obligate IC bacterium, infection: cutaneous /PO/ aerosols
immune response
ruminants: frequently subclinical
mild: increase of rectal temperature anorexia
abortion: sporadic in cattle
dogs: sometimes abortion
birds: asymptomatic, seroconversion
PM lesions: staining and microscope
tetracyclines
isolation of aborted animals
zoonosis: flu like fever headache, cough, abortion, rash
General characterisation of rickettsiae
intracellular, nutrients are taken from the host cells
they have a cell wall, but some components are missing so they cant be dyed with gram staining
tick vectors
infection at blood sucking , mainly humans have clinical signs
infection: damage of endothelial cells when blood sucking: vasculitis, thrombosis
tetracycline, doxycycline, repellents humans get vaccines
Diseases: epidemic typhus, endemic typhus, rocky mountain spotted fever, rickettsial pox, tibola, north asian tick borne rickettsiosis!!!
heartwater disease
sub saharan africa
ehrlichia ruminantium
ticks, no transmission between animals
wild living animals can maintain
clinical signs in small ruminants and cattle
infection -> septicaemia
primary target: endothelial cells
acute: nervous signs
differences between local breeds and imported breeds
oedema, haemorrhages, enlarged parenchymal organs
treatment: tetracycline
Canine ehrlichiosis
mediterannean countries: warm climate, Africa, Middle East, South East Asia, USA - travellers can import
Ehrlichia canis, narrow host range (dogs)
brown dog tick - maintenance host
dogs carry for 1-2 year, german shepherd most susceptible
local dog breeds: subclinical infections
imported animals: fever, anorexia, haemorrhages
tetracyclines, repellents, no vaccine
replication in monocytes and lymphocytes
diseases of horse caused by anaplasma phagocytophilum
2) equine granulocytic anaplasmosis/ehrlichiosis
horse, dog, lama, rodents
USA, switzerland, sweden, great britain, israel
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
vector: ticks - ixodes pacificus, horse, dog, lama, rodents
pathogenesis: vasculitis
replication in granulocytes
below 1 year of age: mild fever, edema, jaundice, ataxia
above 1 year of age: fever, depression, ataxia
tetracycline
control of ticks
anaplasmosis of ruminants
worldwide, more frequent in tropics, mediterranean
A. marginale, A. centrale - cattle. zebu
A. ovis - sheep, goats
transmission with ticks, blood sucking arthropods, iatrogenic
replicates in red blood cells!! -> macrophages phagocyte the red blood cells and there wil be anemia
in young animals milder, fever, anorexia, anemia, jaundice, abortion
oxytetracycline repeated treatment can eradicate
splenomegaly. enlargement of LN
Anaplasma phagocytophillium
diseases
1) tick borne fever of ruminants (pasture fever)
great britain, scandinavian occurence, central europe
spring, early summer on pasture
vector : ticks, immunosuppression, secondary infectoin
tetracyclines, tick control, no vaccine
2) equine granulocytic anaplasmosis/ehrlichiosis
horse, dog, lama, rodents
USA, switzerland, sweden, great britain, israel
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
vector: ticks - ixodes pacificus, horse, dog, lama, rodents
pathogenesis: vasculitis
replication in granulocytes
below 1 year of age: mild fever, edema, jaundice, ataxia
above 1 year of age more severe!!: fever, depression, ataxia
tetracycline
control of ticks
3) canine granulocytic anaplasmosis -
Potomac horse fever
Neorickettsia risticii
USA, CAnada, France, Netherlands
pastures, near rivers
spring-summer-early autumn
mortalilty 5-30%
vector is a fluke
infection: flies, faeces
blood, septicaemia
fever, anorexia, colic, diarrhea, abortion
acute colitis, LI enteritis, ulcers, erosions
tetracycline, fluid therapy, inactivated vaccine
