underpoints p. 51 - Flashcards
Feline Herpesviral Diseases causative Agent
FeHV-1 (Alphaherpesvirinae)
Infectious laryngotracheitis of Chicken causative agent
GaHV-1 Alphaherpesvirinae, Iltovirus
Speciality of the epizootiology and pathogenesis of infectious laryngotracheitis of chicken + vaccine?
No viraemia, no germinative infection, birds die because they CANT SNEEZE OR COUGH so they suffocate to death
attenuated vaccine into the drinking water
Mareks Disease causative agent
GaHV2: Mareks disease virus serotype 1
Virulent strains: GHV-2 = MDV -1
Apathogen strains of Mareks disease
GaHV-3
Mareks disease survival in environment and pathogenesis + vaccine
in feather follicular epithel cells and dust for about 1 year survival
vaccination is available but doesnt prevent from infection
lymphoproliferative form = acute in 6 week old chicken (tumors all over the body)
and chronic neurological form and visceral form
Mareks disease - acute / chronic form
acute: visceral form, very virulent, higher mortality - tumor infiltration of the viscera, lymphoproliferative
chronic: neurological form - weakness, ataxia, paralysis, eye lesion can lead to blindness (neurological signs)
true:
transient paralysis, lymphoproliferative form in 6 week old chicken or turkey= acute form
turkey herpesvirus causes cross immunity and can be used for vaccination
bc of vaccine clinical signs are rare
in ovo vaccine exists
NO germinative infection but infection through egg shell
survives for long in environment
similar to reticuloendotheliosis, avian leukosis
recovery is an exception!
mainly through aerogenic, NOT mainly through faeces
the low virulence strains cause chronic, mainly neurological signs
highly virulent strains may break through vaccine and protection!
Duck Plague - causative agent
Duck virale enteritis, caused by: AnHV-1 - unassigned Herpesvirus
Duck plague: main signs of disease
duck plague/viral enteritis
sudden and persistent increase in flock mortality
photophobia, eyelid edema, conjunctivitis
convalescent birds are lifelong carriers
wild ducks are important in spread of disease
acute haemorrhagic disease of duck and other waterfowl
death within 4-6 days
muscovy ducks, geese
mallards may transmt the duck enteritis to domestic ducks kept on lakes
liver dystrophy as frequent lesion
persistent infection in wild ducks
may be shed lifelong
often fatal - there is no treatment
damages the blood vessel endothelium
vaccines containing a live attenuated strain can be used for prevention
can settle in wild ducks
also effects geese
can affect all age groups
depression, resp signs and bloody diarrhea
pigeon herpes: causative agent and genus
CoHV-1 - Mardivirus genus
colombid
Pigeon herpes, what are the signs
adult pigeons are asymptommatic carriers
mainly in 2-6month old pigeons, diarrhea and conjunctivits
death within 3-4 days
Orthopoxvirus - which diseases does it cause?
Vaccina virus, Camelpox virus, Cowpox virus (zoonotic), Monkeypox virus, Variola virus = Small pox eradicated
Buffalo pox, Mouse pox, Smallpox, Horse pox
Parapoxvirus - Which diseases
Orf virus, Bovine papular stomatitis, Pseudocowpox virus - ALL ZOONOTIC
Capripoxvirus which diseases
Sheep pox virus, Goat pox virus, Lumpy skin disease virus
Suispoxvirus which disease
Swinepox virus
Leporipoxvirus which disease
Myxoma virus
Avipoxvirus which disease
Fowlpox virus
Stadiums of Poxvirus
- Stadium erythrematosum (reddening)
- Stadium papulosum (greyish papule)
- Stadium vesiculosum (vesicle)
- Stadium crustosum (dried crust)
- stadium decrustationis (crust shed)
- pockmark
cowpox distribution
worldwide, but mainly diagnosed in europe and asia
Bovine disease caused by the poxvirus
Cowpox, Pseudocowpox, Bovine Papular stomatitis, Lumpy Skin disease
Pseudocowpox specials
milking machine transmission, recovery without pockmarks, no long immunity, no vaccine available
Bovine papular stomatitis age, diagnostics specials
mostly in calves under 1 year, may persist for 3-4 months, mild disease with lesions on mouth, lips, gums, zoonotic transmission so dont mix up with FMD
Contagious pustular dermatitis
Echtyma contagiosum, scaby mouth, Orf parapox worldwide presence very resistant in environment sheep and goat, humans too lips, muzzle, tonguem gums - papules, wont eat zoonotic vaccine for prevention - attenuated vaccine
common in young lambs zoonotic disease can infect goat lameness common in young lambs virulent vaccines are used can survive in environment for ages zoonotic agent strong crustation no maternal immunity muco-cutaneous junction - lesions
Lumpy skin disease aetiology
lumpy skin disease virus, capripoxvirus genux
ruminants are susceptible,
lumpy skin disease occurence and vector, clinical signs, vaccine
enzootic in africa, outbreaks in middle east and in asia
transmitted by arthopods
fever, necrotic nodules, deep ulceration and scars, ocular lesins, abortion
attenuated vaccine, recombinant vaccine
scarification for long lasting immunity
mortality is medium - there are two statements about mortality and they are both false (neither above 80 nor below 30)
abortion
replicates in the epithelial cells
sheep pox causative agent
sheeppox virus and goat pox virus, capripoxvirus genus
sheep pox occurence
enzootic in africa, middle east, asia
america and australia are free
CS sheep pox, resistance, prevention
capripoxvirus very resistant air borne pox nodules in skin, respiratory signs attenuated vaccine mainly used in africa
generalisation mainly in sheep mucopurulent nasal discharge swollen eyelids long lasting immunity deadly for young susceptible young respiratory signs and abortion fomites generalized disease with fever, OIE listed high mortality in lambs endemic in africa
myxomatosis aetiology
Leporipox genus
myxomatosis typical clinical signs
blepharoconjunctivitis, LION HEAD, tumour-like lesions
Fowl Pox aetiology, forms, distribution
Avipoxvirus genus Canarypoxvirus, Fowlpox virus, world wide wild birds = carriers and introduction Cutaneous form - nodules at the larynx can obstruct Diphteric or wet form Mixed Form Acute septicaemic form vaccination available inject into skin on wing or in neck
different forms of the fowlpox
Cutaneous form - usually on featherless skin, firm nodules that are benign but condition loss
Diphteric or wet form - conjunctivits, resp signs, mainly in chicken
Mixed form: cutaneous and diphteric
acute septicaemic form - mainly in canary and in parrots conjunctivitis
African Swine fever aetiology
Asfarviridae - asfivirus genus
occurence of african swine fever
south africa, kenya, portugal, spain, america, hungary
vector of african swine fever
tick - virus can replicate in soft ticks and transmit
Cowpox Occurence
worldwide, mainly in Europe and Asia diagnosed
Cowpox in general
rodents are the reservoirs
is zoonotic and can infect cattle, domestic felids can infect humans and elephants, seals
milkers hand nodules
Pseudopox in general
Parapoxvirus
zoonotic, can transmit and cause milkers nodule
usually sean on teats, self limiting disease
recovery without pockmarks
no long immunity
vaccine not available
SLOW spread
reinfection can happen
itchy red nodules on the finger of the infected person
mild and transient lesions in cattle
Bovine papular Stomatitis
Parapoxvirus calves <1 year zoonotic, similar to Orf but milder usually mild diseease but can cause condition loss no vaccine available coinfection with BVDV
INFECTION ON GUMS AND LiPS WITH MERGING NODULES BUT NOOOOT VESICLES!!! (DX FROM FMD)
can cause skin lesions in humans
frequently seasonal
Swine Pox
never lethal, rare,
world wide occurence, only pigs are susceptible!
usually benign, mortality in piglets
no vaccine available
skin eruptions, red inflamed bumps present worldwide bad hygienic conditioons - CS arthropods transmit! fleas, lice lifelong immunity death in newborn
Myxomatosis different forms, way of infection, occurence, genus, vaccination
Leporipox genus world wide arthropod transmission, seasonality! lion head, gelatinous swelling = typical form firm nodules = nodular form conjunctival/respiratory/atypical form recombinant vaccine, attenuated vaccine
the european brown hare is NOOOT susceptible, only the european rabbit (NOT in lepus europeus, ONLY in Oryctolagus cuniculus) green fodder and mosquitos conjunctivitis, subcutaenous swellings atypical = respiratory signs mostly seasonal brown hare = asymptomatic carrier nodular form - lower virulence TWO serotypes!!!!!! may result in over 90% mortality typical form = lion head, gelatinous swellings cotton tail rabbits - benign skin lesions NO viremia in cotton tail rabbits
