Ultrasound Abdominal Anatomy Flashcards
What causes Aerophagia?
Stress
What hampers evaluation of the Abdomen with ultrasound?
Gastric Gas
What is visible in Ultrasound?
Veins are Visible!
Not arteries
What is the echogenicity of the Portal Vein wall?
Hyperechoic wall
What is the echogenicity of the Hepatic Vein wall?
Isoechoic wall
What do we examine in the Liver?
Size Margins Marginations Echogenicity Architecture Lesions
What changes to look for in the Abdomen?
Hepatomegaly Irregular margins Lymph node changes Ascites Assessment of other organs
What are the DDx for diffusely hypoechoic parenchyma of the liver?
Acute hepatitis
Venous congestion
enlarged hepatic veins
Lymphosarcoma
What do you compare the liver to to confirm hypoechoic?
Spleen
Kidney
What are the DDx for diffusely hyperechoic parenchyma of the liver?
Diabetes Mellitus
Hyperadrenocorticism
Hepatic Lipidosis
Lymphosarcoma
What are the two ways to examine the gallbladder?
Retrocostal approach
Intercostal approach
What can be traced in a normal cat but not in a dog?
Common Bile duct
What is the echogenicity of the contents of the Gall bladder?
Anechoic
What happens to the gall bladder with anorexia or fasting?
Gets bigger
What is the echogenicity of the gallbladder wall compared to the Liver parenchyma?
Isoechoic
What do you see with Cholecystitis?
Thickened GB wall
What echogenicity do you see with Choleliths?
Mineral: Hyperechoic casting with a clean shadow
What do you see with obstruction to the GB?
Dilation of the GB and common Bile duct
What is the splenic head fixated to?
greater curvature of the stomach
at the level of the costal arch
What is the echogenicity of the capsule of the spleen?
Hyperechoic capsule
What should you see at the Hilus of the spleen?
Splenic vein
What is the echogenicity of the kidney compared to the spleen?
Kidney is more hypoechoic than the spleen
What is the echogenicity of the spleen compared to the kidney?
Spleen is more Hyperechoic compared to the kidney
The intrahepatic biliary duct can be seen in the normal dog and cat on ultrasound?
FALSE!
What is the echogenicity of the Renal Pelvis?
hyperechoic due to fat
What is the echogenicity of the bladder?
anechoic fluid filled structure
What is the echogenicity of the serosa layer of the stomach?
Hyperechoic
What is the echogenicity of the Muscularis layer of the stomach?
Hypoechoic
What is the echogenicity of the Submucosa layer of the stomach?
Hyperechoic
What is the echogenicity of the Mucosa layer of the stomach?
Hypoechoic
What is the echogenicity of the lumen-mucosa interface layer of the stomach?
Hyperechoic
What three layers have a hyperechoic layer of the stomach?
Serosa
Submucosa
Lumen-mucosa interface
What two layers have a hypoechoic layer of the stomach?
Muscularis
Mucosa
“M&M’s” are dark!
What layer is the thickest in the intestines?
Mucosa
What is the echogenicity of the intestines with fluid in them?
Anechoic
What is the echogenicity of the intestines with gas in them?
Hyperechoic with acoustic shadowing
What is the DDx for an intestine that appears corrugated on ultrasound?
peritonitis
pancreatitis
