Lower Urinary System

Question 1

What are the common clinical signs of Lower Urinary Disease?

Answer 1

Hematuria 
Dysuria 
Inappropriate urination 
Increased frequency of urination 
Stranguria

Question 2

What bladder abnormalities detected in survey radiographs?

Answer 2

Calculi
Absent bladder
abdnormal gas

Question 3

What is the opacity of Phosphate Calculi?

Answer 3

Radioopaque

Question 4

What is the opacity of Oxalate Calculi?

Answer 4

Radioopaque

Question 5

What is the opacity of Cystine Calculi?

Answer 5

Non-Radioopaque

Question 6

What is the opacity of Urate Calculi?

Answer 6

Non-Radioopaque

Question 7

What is the mnemonic for Radioopacity of Cystic Calculi?

Answer 7

I cannot C U

Question 8

What are the types of cystography?

Answer 8

Positive contrast
Negative Contrast
Double Contrast

Question 9

What are the requirements for preparation for a cystography?

Answer 9

Colon should be empty
Chemical restraint needed
Contrast medium is uslaly ionic water soluble organic iodinated media

Question 10

What is Positive Contrast Cystography used for?

Answer 10

Detecting bladder rupture
Confirming location of urinary bladder
space occupying luminal mass
urachal diverticulum

Question 11

Common cause of perianal hernia

Answer 11

prostatomegaly

Question 12

Negative Contrast Cystography

Answer 12

used to assess bladder

evaluate ectopic ureters

Question 13

Double Contrast Cystography

Answer 13

Evaluate filling defects

Question 14

Filling defects due to free objects

Answer 14

are in the center of the contrast pool on multiple views because of the effect of gravity

Question 15

Filling defects due to mural lesions

Answer 15

will not be in the center of the contrast pool in all views

Question 16

Air Bubbles

Answer 16

have a circular well circumscribed margins
located at the periphery of the contrast pool
create a honeycomb appearance when multiple air bubbles aggregate

Question 17

What are the indications for Urethrogram?

Answer 17

detect urethral obstructions or urethral rupture

Question 18

What conditions are diagnosed using urethrogram?

Answer 18

Rupture
Stricture
Tumors

Question 19

Complications of contrast procedures in Lower Urinary Tract?

Answer 19

Trauma from improper catheterization
Air embolus
Knotted or broken urinary catheters

Question 20

How does the urinary bladder wall look with cystitis?

Answer 20

thick and irregular typically at the apex (cranioventral) - although diffuse thickening

Question 21

What is the most common urinary bladder tumor?

Answer 21

Transitional cell carcinoma

Question 22

What are the features of Transitional cell carcinoma?

Answer 22

Focal wall thickening often trigonum area