Bone

Question 1

How many days between osteoid formation and mineralization?

Answer 1

12-15 days

Question 2

What are the main functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 2

Support
Protection 
Movement facilitation 
Mineral storage
Storage of hematopoietic tissue
Lipid storage for energy

Question 3

Physis

Answer 3

growth center for diaphysis

Question 4

What disease has a predilection for the Epiphysis?

Answer 4

Osteochondrosis

Osteophytes

Question 5

What disease has a predilection for the Physis?

Answer 5

Fractures

Premature Closure

Question 6

What disease has a predilection for the Metaphysis?

Answer 6

Osteosarcoma
Hematogenous infection
Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy

Question 7

What disease has a predilection for the Diaphysis?

Answer 7

Panosteitis

Fractire

Question 8

What cells are found in the endosteum and periosteum?

Answer 8

Osteoprogenitor cells

Question 9

What is the function of the Osteoprogenitor cells?

Answer 9

Remodeling and growth of bone cortex

Responisible for Osteogenesis during fracture repair

Question 10

Where does intramembranous ossification take place?

Answer 10

Flat bones of skull

Question 11

Metatarsal sequestrum

Answer 11

causes by disruption of periosteal bone supply with subsequent necrosis due to poor communication with endosteal blood supply

Question 12

What develops from a sequestration that is not absorbed by the body?

Answer 12

Fistulous tracts

Question 13

Wolff’s Law

Answer 13

Bone will respond to the stresses or strains placed or not placed on it

Question 14

OC

Answer 14

Osteochondrosis

Question 15

OCD

Answer 15

Osteochondrosis Dissecans

Question 16

Osteochondrosis and Osteochondrosis dissecans

Answer 16

failure of endochondral ossification

Question 17

Where is the predication site for Osteochondrosis and Osteochondrosis dissecans in dogs?

Answer 17

Caudal Humeral head
Medial humeral condyle
Lateral and medial femoral condyle
Lateral and medial trochlea of talus

Question 18

What are the radiographic signs for Osteochondrosis and Osteochondrosis dissecans?

Answer 18

Flattening or concavity of subchondral bone
Adjacent sclerosis
+/- mineralized flap

Question 19

Joint Fragments (Mice)

Answer 19

Necrotic cartilage breaks free and attaches to synovium and becomes vascularized

Question 20

Dysplasia

Answer 20

Failure to develop properly

Question 21

What are the triad of developmental lesions of the elbow?

Answer 21

Ununited anconeal process
Fragmented medial coronoid
Osteochrondrosis of humeral condyle

Question 22

What are the three types of Incongruity?

Answer 22

Radioulnar length mismatch
Humeroulnar incongruity
Radioulnar incisure incongruity

Question 23

What is more accurate than radiographs in measuring incongruity?

Answer 23

CT and arthroscopy

Question 24

What is the treatment for Ununited Anconeal process?

Answer 24

Removal

Fixation + Ulnar osteotomy

Question 25

What are the radiographic signs of a fractured Medial Coronoid Process?

Answer 25

New bone formation on proximal aspect of anconeal process Poor definition of cranial margin of medial coronoid process on lateral view Medial coronoid process is blunted or rounded Joint incongruity Subchondral sclerosis of ulna trochlear notch Secondary DJD

Question 26

What are the radiographic signs of Panosteitis?

Answer 26

Increased Medullary opacity Lesion begins at nutrient foramen Smooth continuous periosteal new bone occurs in a minority of patients Cortical thickening can persist - remodeling

Question 27

What are the clinical signs of Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy?

Answer 27

Pyrexia Malaise Pain + swelling over metaphyseal region Lameness

Question 28

What are the radiographic signs of Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy?

Answer 28

"Double Physis" Sign Begins in metaphysis of tubular bones irregular periosteal new bone formation along metaphysis Physeal closure or retarded growth

Question 29

What breeds do you see Aseptic Necrosis of Femoral Head?

Answer 29

Adolescent Toy and Small breed dogs

Question 30

Aseptic Necrosis of Femoral Head (Legg-Calve-Perthes)

Answer 30

Compromised blood supply of femoral head causes bone necrosis while overlying cartilage continues to grow Phagocytosis of necrotic bone during healing results in decreased opacity Incomplete removal of necrotic bone and invasion of granulation tissues interferes with healing Bone is weak and subject to microfracture

Question 31

What are the Radiographic signs of Aseptic Necrosis of the Femoral Head?

Answer 31

Lysis of femoral head/neck Widening of joint space due to hyperplastic cartilage Microfracture and deformation of femoral head Secondary DJD and muscle atrophy