Echocardiology Flashcards
Advantages of Echocardiology
Non invasive real time imaging of the beating heart
Anatomic detail can be accurately visualized
Cardiac measurements of the size and function
Grading of cardiac disease
Evaluate therapy success
Interventional steps can be taken
Disadvantages of Echocardiology
diagnosis of cardiac failure cannot be based on echocardiology alone
What transducer should be used for echocardiology of large dogs?
3.0-5.0 MHz
What transducer should be used for echocardiology of small dogs?
5.0-7.5 MHz
What transducer should be used for echocardiology of cats?
7.5-10mHz
What imformation can we collect from cardiac ultrasound?
Chamber size Wall thickness Contractility Cardiac motion Cardiac function Valvular lesions Detection of masses Cardiomegaly vs. pericardial effusion
What are the modes used in Echocardiology?
M-mode
B-Mode
Doppler Mode
B-Mode
Real Time tomographic views of the heart
M-Mode
Only structures associated with the cursor will be scanned
When is M-Mode used?
Measurement of Wall thickness, Chamber size, Fractional shortening, valve movement pattern
Doppler echocardiography
to determine normal and abnormal blood flow in the heart
When is Doppler echocardiography used?
Insufficiencies and stenosis
What does spectral doppler measure?
Velocity and direction along y-axis
What recumbency are Doppler measurements taken from?
Left Lateral recumbency
What does Turbulent flow look like on Doppler?
flow (regurgitation) is often a bright mixture of colors
What does Aortic insufficiency look like on Doppler?
jet from aorta going back into the Left Ventricle
What is the standard protocol for echocardiography?
Right side: 2 long axis views and 4 short axis views
Left side: 2 long axis views
What does the Aortic valve look like on ultrasound?
“Mercedes Benz” sign
What does the Left Ventricle look like on ultrasound?
“Mushroom”
What does the Mitral valve look like on ultrasound?
“Fish Mouth”
EDD
Maximal diastolic left ventricular interior diameter
ESD
End Systolic ventricular interior diameter
What is the equation for Fractional shortening percentage?
(EDD-ESD)/EDD X 100
What is the range of fractional shortening in dogs?
28-45%
What is the range of fractional shortening in cats?
44-55%
