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RUSVM Diagnostic Imaging 2016 > Peritoneum > Flashcards

Peritoneum Flashcards

1
Q

Peritoneum

A

thin serous membrane

divided into parietal, visceral, connecting layers which are all continuous

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2
Q

Parietal peritoneal layer

A

separates extra-peritoneal and intra-peritoneal spaces

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3
Q

Visceral peritoneal layer

A

covers the abdominal organs

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4
Q

Retroperitoneal space

A

Space between the dorsal margin of the parietal peritoneum and the abdominal body wall

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5
Q

What is contained in the Retroperitoneal space

A

kidneys
Adrenal glands
major blood vessels
lymph nodes

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6
Q

Why is the Peritoneal space important?

A

FAT

different opacity between the viscera

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7
Q

Loss of Serosal Detail

A

Increased amount of fluid within the peritoneal cavity cause a loss or a diminishing of the ability to discern fat from viscera margins

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8
Q

What causes Loss of Serosal Detail?

A 
Peritoneal effusion 
Peritonitis
Lack of fat 
Brown fat
Carcinomatosis 
Crowding
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9
Q

What is Peritoneal effusion?

A 
Transudates
Exudates
Blood
Urine
Bile 
Chyle
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10
Q

What is the echogenicity of an Abdominal effusion?

A

Low cellular fluid like urine or transudate is anechoic

Higher cellular fluid like blood, exudate, chyle is more echoic

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11
Q

What is the sign of fluid collection or inflammation of the Retroperitoneum?

A

Loss of detail in the space

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12
Q

What two fluids cause loss of detail in the retroperitoneal space?

A

Hemorrhage

Urine

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13
Q

Carcinomatosis

A

Seeding of neoplastic cells on serosal surfaces and in fat

Small foci grow and become larger nodules that incorporate surrounding tissue

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14
Q

What is a common carcinomatosis in the peritoneum?

A

Hemangiosarcoma

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15
Q

Normal Pancreas Ultrasound features?

A

Obscured by overlying bowel gas
triangular wedge of hyperechoic (liver) tissue
Adjacent to duodenum, caudal to stomach
Can see the pancreaticoduodenal vein with good resolution and proper conditions

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16
Q

What are the ultrasound features of Acute Pancreatitis?

A 
Large pancrease
hypoechoic 
irregular 
surrounding fat become hyperechoic 
As severity increased, fluid increases
17
Q

How does focal pancreatitis appear on ultrasound?

A

Corrugated

18
Q

What are the clinical signs of canine pancreatitis?

A

Appetite loss
vomiting
pain

19
Q

What causes free abdominal gas?

A

Surgery
Ruptured hollow viscera
External penetrating wound
abscessation

20
Q

What is Retroperitoneal gas often an extension of?

A

pneumomediastinum

21
Q

What causes Retroperitoneal gas from pneumomediastinum?

A

penetrating wound

22
Q

What view is Retroperitoneal gas from pneumomediastinum seen on?

A

Lateral Radiograph in dorsal portion of the abdomen

23
Q

Can Pneumomediastinum cause Pneumothorax? Vice Versa?

A

Yes

Vice Versa - NO!

24
Q

What is the common cause of Inguinal hernia?

A

Trauma

Bite Wound

25
Q

If bowel is herniated what do you look for?

A

Obstruction due to Strangulation

26
Q

What is the most commonly seen abdominal lymph node?

A

Medial iliac

27
Q

What cause enlargement of the abdominal lymph nodes?

A

Lymphoma
Metastasis
Inflammation

28
Q

What are the ultrasound features of normal abdominal lymph nodes?

A

uniform echogenicity similar to surrounding mesenteric fat
shape varies: flat or tubular
thin echoic capsule

29
Q

What are the ultrasound features of enlarged abdominal lymph nodes?

A

Rounded hypoechoic

30
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located?

A

craniomedial borders of kidneys

31
Q

Are mineralized adrenal glands in the cat pathological?

A

No - Incidental

32
Q

What is the cause of mineralized adrenal glands in dogs?

A

neoplasia

33
Q

What is the modality of choice for the adrenal glands?

A

Ultrasound

34
Q

What are the ultrasound features of normal adrenal glands?

A

Hypoechoic to surrounding fat
Hyperechoic thin capsule
Diameter of less than 7mm

35
Q

Adrenomegaly

A

larger, plump, retain echogenicity with a diameter greater than 7mm

36
Q

What are the differential diagnoses of adrenomegaly?

A

Nodular or diffuse Hyperplasia
Hypertrophy
Neoplasia

RUSVM Diagnostic Imaging 2016 (27 decks)

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