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RUSVM Diagnostic Imaging 2016 > Diaphragm and Thoracic Wall > Flashcards

Diaphragm and Thoracic Wall Flashcards

1
Q

How much of the thoracic volume does the diaphragm contribute to?

A

75%

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2
Q

What are the components of the diaphragm?

A

2 crura

Tendinous center

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3
Q

On a Left-Right Lateral which Crus is more cranial?

A

Right Crus

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4
Q

On a Right-Left Lateral which Crus is more cranial?

A

Left Crus

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5
Q

What are the different types of Diaphragmatic hernias?

A

Acquired

Congenital

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6
Q

What are the Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernias?

A

Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic

Hiatal

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7
Q

What is the common cause of Diaphragmatic Hernias?

A

Trauma

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8
Q

Diaphragmatic Hernia

A

Abdominal viscera protrudes thru the diaphragm

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9
Q

What are the additional tests used to diagnose Diaphragmatic hernias?

A

Ultrasound

Barium Study

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10
Q

What are the radiographic signs seen with Traumatic Diaphragmatic Hernia?

A

Border effacement of diaphragm
Abdominal viscera in pleural space
Displacement of abdominal structures

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11
Q

Gastric Axis

A

The Fundus and the Pyloris are always in line with each other

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12
Q

Peritoneopericardial Diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH)

A

abdominal viscera herniates through a congenital hiatus

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13
Q

What is a common finding in dogs with PPDH?

A

fewer sternebrae than usual (less than 8)

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14
Q

What are some signs of PPDH seen on a radiograph?

A

Round enlarged cardiac silhouette
Heretogenous opacity of gas or large amount of fat present
Confluent silhouette between the heart and the diaphragm

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15
Q

Hiatal Hernia

A

Portion of fundus herniated through esophageal hiatus

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16
Q

What are the two types of hiatal hernias?

A

Sliding

Paraesophageal

17
Q

What is a sliding hiatal hernia?

A

the esophagogastric junction slides cranially through the hiatus and pulls some fundus with it
DYNAMIC! Slides back and forth!

18
Q

What is a paraesophageal hiatal hernia?

A

the fundus goes through the hiatus and stays - does not slide back and forth

19
Q

In what type of patient do you often seen hiatal hernias?

A

Patients with uper airway obstruction

Brachycephalic breeds

20
Q

What are some normal findings of the Costal Cartilages?

A

Mineralized - even in young dogs

Mineralized (stiff) exuberant calcifications around the costochondral junction

21
Q

Thoracolumbar transitional anomaly

A

T13 and L1 may look very similar and may be missing the floating rib on one side

22
Q

What is typically present with Rib Tumors?

A

Pleural effusion

23
Q

What are the 2 types of thoracic wall masses?

A

Extrapulmonary

Intrapulmonary

RUSVM Diagnostic Imaging 2016 (27 decks)

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