Diaphragm and Thoracic Wall Flashcards
How much of the thoracic volume does the diaphragm contribute to?
75%
What are the components of the diaphragm?
2 crura
Tendinous center
On a Left-Right Lateral which Crus is more cranial?
Right Crus
On a Right-Left Lateral which Crus is more cranial?
Left Crus
What are the different types of Diaphragmatic hernias?
Acquired
Congenital
What are the Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernias?
Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic
Hiatal
What is the common cause of Diaphragmatic Hernias?
Trauma
Diaphragmatic Hernia
Abdominal viscera protrudes thru the diaphragm
What are the additional tests used to diagnose Diaphragmatic hernias?
Ultrasound
Barium Study
What are the radiographic signs seen with Traumatic Diaphragmatic Hernia?
Border effacement of diaphragm
Abdominal viscera in pleural space
Displacement of abdominal structures
Gastric Axis
The Fundus and the Pyloris are always in line with each other
Peritoneopericardial Diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH)
abdominal viscera herniates through a congenital hiatus
What is a common finding in dogs with PPDH?
fewer sternebrae than usual (less than 8)
What are some signs of PPDH seen on a radiograph?
Round enlarged cardiac silhouette
Heretogenous opacity of gas or large amount of fat present
Confluent silhouette between the heart and the diaphragm
Hiatal Hernia
Portion of fundus herniated through esophageal hiatus
What are the two types of hiatal hernias?
Sliding
Paraesophageal
What is a sliding hiatal hernia?
the esophagogastric junction slides cranially through the hiatus and pulls some fundus with it
DYNAMIC! Slides back and forth!
What is a paraesophageal hiatal hernia?
the fundus goes through the hiatus and stays - does not slide back and forth
In what type of patient do you often seen hiatal hernias?
Patients with uper airway obstruction
Brachycephalic breeds
What are some normal findings of the Costal Cartilages?
Mineralized - even in young dogs
Mineralized (stiff) exuberant calcifications around the costochondral junction
Thoracolumbar transitional anomaly
T13 and L1 may look very similar and may be missing the floating rib on one side
What is typically present with Rib Tumors?
Pleural effusion
What are the 2 types of thoracic wall masses?
Extrapulmonary
Intrapulmonary
