Fractures

Question 1

What things do people get confused with fractures?

Answer 1

Nutrient Foramen
Normal physis
Sesamoid bones

Question 2

What palmar sesamoid are most commonly affect by fractures?

Answer 2

2

7

Question 3

Do do you evaluate a fracture?

Answer 3

How many bones are fractured?
Have soft tissues been damages too 
Is the joint involved
How bad is the damage
Should I try to fix this

Question 4

What are the Fracture Types?

Answer 4

Open vs. Closed

Geographic types

Question 5

What are the geographic types of fractures?

Answer 5

Transverse
Oblique
Spiral 
Comminuted
Incomplete

Question 6

Salter Harris physeal fracture classification system?

Answer 6

As grade increases, chance of physeal growth pertubation increases

Question 7

Luxation

Answer 7

Dislocation of an anatomic part

Question 8

Subluxation

Answer 8

partial dislocation of an anatomic part

Question 9

Primary Fracture Healing

Answer 9

Rigid Fixation
Direct Bone contact
No callus formation
Progressive disappearance of fracture line

Question 10

Secondary Fracture Healing

Answer 10

Motion or distraction of fragments

Callus formation

Question 11

What happens radiographically at 10-20 days with Secondary Bone Healing?

Answer 11

Early Callus; Not bridging

Question 12

What happens radiographically at 30 days with Secondary Bone Healing?

Answer 12

Fracture line disappears

Callus bridging

Question 13

What happens radiographically at 3 months with Secondary Bone Healing?

Answer 13

Remodeled callus
Fracture line gone
Re-establish cortex and medullary cavity

Question 14

How should normal callus formation appear?

Answer 14

Smooth and non-aggressive

Question 15

What are the factors that influence fracture healing?

Answer 15

Vascular integrity 
Fracture location 
Extent of fracture
Apposition 
Degree of motion

Question 16

Malunion

Answer 16

Bone healed in an abnormal position

Question 17

Delayed union

Answer 17

fracture has not healed in the time expected

Question 18

Nonunion

Answer 18

All fracture healing has stopped and fragments have not united

Question 19

What are the three fracture complications?

Answer 19

Malunion
Delayed union
Nonunion

Question 20

Osteomyelitis

Answer 20

infection of the bone

Question 21

Sequestrum

Answer 21

infected devitalized bone fragment separated from parent bone

Question 22

Involucrum

Answer 22

zone of radiolucency around sequestrum

Question 23

Where are Physeal growth abnormalities common?

Answer 23

In the antebrachium - distal ulna and ulnar physes

Question 24

What does insufficient ulnar growth result in?

Answer 24

Humeroulnar subluxation
Bowed radius
Valgus of manus

Question 25

What technique corrects humeroulnar subluxation?

Answer 25

Ulnar ostectomy