UE Osteology

Question 1

What does the clavicle articulate with?

Answer 1

The manubrium of the sternum and the acromion of the scapula

Question 2

What are the features on the inferior surface of the clavicle worth noting?

Answer 2

Sternal end, impression for the costoclavicular L., subclavian groove, conoid tubercle, trapezoid line, acromial end

Question 3

What is a greenstick fracture?

Answer 3

When only part of the clavicle is broken, and it is not broken all the way through; most common in children due to falling

Question 4

What is the most common fracture site on the humerus?

Answer 4

Surgical neck

Question 5

What type of surgical neck fracture fractures a part of the proximal end?

Answer 5

Extra-articular unifocal tuberosity fracture

Question 6

What type of surgical neck fracture fractures horizontally at the surgical neck?

Answer 6

Extra-articular unifocal impacted metaphyseal fracture

Question 7

What type of surgical neck fracture fractures horizontally and displaces the body of the humerus at the surgical neck?

Answer 7

Extra-articular unifocal non-impacted metaphyseal fracture

Question 8

What can happen to the ulnar N.?

Answer 8

The ulnar nerve can be compressed within the groove for the ulnar nerve on the medial side of of the distal humerus and cause “funny bone” symptoms

Question 9

Severe ABduction of an extended elbow can cause what?

Answer 9

Avulsion of the medial humeral epicondlye

Question 10

What does avulsion mean?

Answer 10

Tearing away or separation

Question 11

Fracture of the olecranan?

Answer 11

Fractured elbow; due to forceful nature of triceps brachii m. when falling and is difficult to repair (avulsion)

Question 12

Colle’s fracture

Answer 12

Fracture of the distal radius, usually the radial styloid process when breaking falls and it is commonly avulsed
Dinner fork fracture

Question 13

What antebrachial bone is the most medial?

Answer 13

Ulna

Question 14

What antebrachial bone is larger at the proximal end but its head is at the distal end?

Answer 14

Ulna

Question 15

What antebrachial bone is on the thumb side?

Answer 15

Radius

Question 16

What antebrachial bone is the most lateral?

Answer 16

Radius

Question 17

What are the 8 carpal bones?

Answer 17

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Question 18

What carpal bones are the most proximal

Answer 18

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

Question 19

What carpal bones are in the distal row

Answer 19

Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Question 20

What carpal is most commonly fractured and is susceptible to avascular necrosis?

Answer 20

scaphoid

Question 21

What makes the carpal tunnel?

Answer 21

Anterior carpals and posterior to flexor retinaculum

Question 22

What runs through the carpal tunnel?

Answer 22

Many tendons and median Nerve

Question 23

When the tendons swell and the median nerve is compressed what can result?

Answer 23

Carpal tunnel syndrome = burning (paresthesia) and pain

Question 24

What makes guyon’s canal?

Answer 24

depression between pisiform and hamulus of hamate

Question 25

What passes through the guyon’s canal (ulnar canal)

Answer 25

Ulnar nerve

Question 26

When the ulnar nerve is compressed what results?

Answer 26

Guyon’s canal syndrome and loss of sensation and muscular weakness

Question 27

What fingers are affected in carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 27

1, 2, 3 and part of 4

Question 28

What fingers are affected in guyon’s canal syndrome?

Answer 28

5 and part of 4

Question 29

What is a boxer’s fracture?

Answer 29

When punching, the 5th metacarpal head can be broken due to it taking the force of the impact

Question 30

Why are distal phalanx fractures common?

Answer 30

Easy to do when slamming fingers in door

Must be careful putting fragments back together in order to not damage many flexor tendons and retain function

Question 31

What is commonly torn in ball throwers?

Answer 31

Glenoid labrum