UE Osteology Flashcards
What does the clavicle articulate with?
The manubrium of the sternum and the acromion of the scapula
What are the features on the inferior surface of the clavicle worth noting?
Sternal end, impression for the costoclavicular L., subclavian groove, conoid tubercle, trapezoid line, acromial end
What is a greenstick fracture?
When only part of the clavicle is broken, and it is not broken all the way through; most common in children due to falling
What is the most common fracture site on the humerus?
Surgical neck
What type of surgical neck fracture fractures a part of the proximal end?
Extra-articular unifocal tuberosity fracture
What type of surgical neck fracture fractures horizontally at the surgical neck?
Extra-articular unifocal impacted metaphyseal fracture
What type of surgical neck fracture fractures horizontally and displaces the body of the humerus at the surgical neck?
Extra-articular unifocal non-impacted metaphyseal fracture
What can happen to the ulnar N.?
The ulnar nerve can be compressed within the groove for the ulnar nerve on the medial side of of the distal humerus and cause “funny bone” symptoms
Severe ABduction of an extended elbow can cause what?
Avulsion of the medial humeral epicondlye
What does avulsion mean?
Tearing away or separation
Fracture of the olecranan?
Fractured elbow; due to forceful nature of triceps brachii m. when falling and is difficult to repair (avulsion)
Colle’s fracture
Fracture of the distal radius, usually the radial styloid process when breaking falls and it is commonly avulsed
Dinner fork fracture
What antebrachial bone is the most medial?
Ulna
What antebrachial bone is larger at the proximal end but its head is at the distal end?
Ulna
What antebrachial bone is on the thumb side?
Radius
What antebrachial bone is the most lateral?
Radius
What are the 8 carpal bones?
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
What carpal bones are the most proximal
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
What carpal bones are in the distal row
Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
What carpal is most commonly fractured and is susceptible to avascular necrosis?
scaphoid
What makes the carpal tunnel?
Anterior carpals and posterior to flexor retinaculum
What runs through the carpal tunnel?
Many tendons and median Nerve
When the tendons swell and the median nerve is compressed what can result?
Carpal tunnel syndrome = burning (paresthesia) and pain
What makes guyon’s canal?
depression between pisiform and hamulus of hamate
What passes through the guyon’s canal (ulnar canal)
Ulnar nerve
When the ulnar nerve is compressed what results?
Guyon’s canal syndrome and loss of sensation and muscular weakness
What fingers are affected in carpal tunnel syndrome?
1, 2, 3 and part of 4
What fingers are affected in guyon’s canal syndrome?
5 and part of 4
What is a boxer’s fracture?
When punching, the 5th metacarpal head can be broken due to it taking the force of the impact
Why are distal phalanx fractures common?
Easy to do when slamming fingers in door
Must be careful putting fragments back together in order to not damage many flexor tendons and retain function
What is commonly torn in ball throwers?
Glenoid labrum
