Femoral Triangle, Anteromedial thigh and Knee

Question 1

Base of the Femoral Triangle

Answer 1

Inguinal ligament

Question 2

Lateral border of Femoral Triangle

Answer 2

Sartorius m.

Question 3

Medial border of Femoral Triangle

Answer 3

Adductor Longus m.

Question 4

Medial floor of Femoral Triangle

Answer 4

Pectineus m.

Question 5

Lateral floor of Femoral Triangle

Answer 5

Iliopsoas m.

Question 6

Contents of Femoral Triangle

Answer 6

NAVEL - Femoral nerve, artery, vein, empty space with lymph (fumoral canal with deep lymph nodes)

Question 7

Femoral sheath

Answer 7

Femoral artery, vein, canal

Nerve NOT included

Question 8

The proximal opening of the Femoral Canal

Answer 8

Femoral ring

Question 9

Femoral ring surrounds what Lymph node

Answer 9

Rosenmuller’s Lymph node

Question 10

Describe how a Femoral Hernia arises

Answer 10

When a loop of small intestine protrudes through the femoral ring into the femoral canal; most common in women

Question 11

Femoral nerve roots corresponding vertebrae

Answer 11

L2-L4

Question 12

Meralgia Paresthetic

Answer 12

Compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve as it travels under the inguinal ligament - causes pain and numbness

Question 13

Cutaneous innervation of the femoral nerve

Answer 13

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, anterior femoral cutaneous nerve, saphenous nerve

Question 14

Saphenous nerve

Answer 14

Supplies skin of anterior/medial knee, leg, foot; becomes superficial between sartorius and gracilis

Question 15

Adductor Canal

Answer 15

Intermuscular passage that begins at the apex of the femoral triangle and ends at the adductor hiatus (opening of the adductor magnus tendon)

Question 16

How do femoral vessels reach the popliteal fossa (posterior knee and leg)?

Answer 16

Adductor canal – Adductor hiatus

Question 17

Chief arterial supply to lower limb?

Answer 17

Femoral artery; inferiorly gives rise to articular branch and saphenous branch

Question 18

Describe the femoral artery pathway

Answer 18

Begins beneath the inguinal ligament lateral to the femoral vein, travels inferiorly down the femoral triangle (descends on pectineus, iliopsoas, adductor canal), bisects apex deep to sartorius

Question 19

Femoral artery branches

Answer 19

Medial (main supply to femoral head and neck) and lateral (supplies lateral thigh and femur head) circumflex arteries

Question 20

Obturator nerve roots corresponding vertebrae

Answer 20

L2-L4

Question 21

Sciatic Nerve roots corresponding vertebrae

Answer 21

L4-S3

Question 22

Patellar Reflex

Answer 22

Testing patella tendon reflex tests the function of the femoral nerve and spinal cord segments L2-L4

Question 23

Westphal’s sign

Answer 23

Absence of patellar reflex

Question 24

Origin, Insertion, function and innervation of Iliopsoas m.

Answer 24

O: Lateral portion of T12-L5,
I: Lesser Trochanter
Function: Flex thigh
Innervation: Femoral nerve, anterior rami L1-3

Question 25

Origin, insertion, function and innervation of Sartorius m.

Answer 25

O: ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine) I: Pes Anserinus Function: Flex, laterally rotate and ABduct thigh, flex leg Innervation: femoral nerve

Question 26

Members of quadriceps femoris

Answer 26

Vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, rectus femoris

Question 27

Where does the rectus femoris lie?

Answer 27

On top of the vastus intermedius

Question 28

Origin, insertion, function and innervation of vasti

Answer 28

O: femoral shaft I: tibial tuberosity Function: extend leg Innervation: femoral nerve

Question 29

Origin, insertion, function and innervation of rectus femoris

Answer 29

O: AIIS (anterior inferior iliac spine) I: tibial tuberosity Function: extend leg, flex thigh Innervation: femoral nerve

Question 30

Origin, insertion, function and innervation of pectineus

Answer 30

O: Pubis I: Pectineal line Innervation: femoral nerve Function: ADduct and flex thigh

Question 31

Origin, insertion, function, and innervation of adductor longus

Answer 31

O: pubis I: linea aspera Function: ADduct and flex thigh Innervation: Obturator nerve

Question 32

Origin, insertion, function and innervation of gracilis

Answer 32

O: pubis I: Superior part of the medial tibia Funciton: ADduct thigh, flex and medially rotate leg Innervation: obturator nerve

Question 33

Origin, insertion, function and innervation of adductor brevis

Answer 33

O: pubis I: proximal linea aspera Function: ADduct and flex thigh Innervation: obturator nerve

Question 34

Junction between thigh and trunk

Answer 34

Groin

Question 35

Groin pull

Answer 35

Stretching, tearing of proximal attachments of thigh adductor/flexor muscles

Question 36

Deepest thigh muscle

Answer 36

Adductor magnus

Question 37

2 parts of adductor magnus

Answer 37

Adductor portion and hamstring portion

Question 38

Adductor portion of adductor magnus

Answer 38

O: Ischiopubic ramus I: Gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line Innervation: obturator nerve Function: ADduct and flex thigh

Question 39

Hamstring portion of adductor magnus

Answer 39

O: Ischial tuberosity I: Adductor tubercle Innervation: sciatic nerve Function: ADduct and EXTEND thigh

Question 40

Anterior cruciate ligament

Answer 40

Anterior tibia - medial femur | Prevents anterior displacement of tibia and posterior displacement of femur

Question 41

How to see if ACL is torn

Answer 41

Pull leg anteriorly and it will move

Question 42

Posterior cruciate ligament

Answer 42

Posterior tibia - medial femur | Prevents posterior displacement of tibia and anterior displacement of femur

Question 43

How to see if PCL is torn

Answer 43

Push leg posteriorly and it will move

Question 44

How to see if medial mensicus is torn

Answer 44

Push thigh laterally, and rotate leg medially - pain

Question 45

How to see if lateral meniscus is torn

Answer 45

Push thigh medially, and rotate leg laterally - pain

Question 46

Unhappy triad

Answer 46

Flexed knee with lateral twist of foot; Torn ACL, MCL, Medial meniscus - traditional Torn ACL, MCL, lateral meniscus - new theory