Femoral Triangle, Anteromedial thigh and Knee Flashcards
Base of the Femoral Triangle
Inguinal ligament
Lateral border of Femoral Triangle
Sartorius m.
Medial border of Femoral Triangle
Adductor Longus m.
Medial floor of Femoral Triangle
Pectineus m.
Lateral floor of Femoral Triangle
Iliopsoas m.
Contents of Femoral Triangle
NAVEL - Femoral nerve, artery, vein, empty space with lymph (fumoral canal with deep lymph nodes)
Femoral sheath
Femoral artery, vein, canal
Nerve NOT included
The proximal opening of the Femoral Canal
Femoral ring
Femoral ring surrounds what Lymph node
Rosenmuller’s Lymph node
Describe how a Femoral Hernia arises
When a loop of small intestine protrudes through the femoral ring into the femoral canal; most common in women
Femoral nerve roots corresponding vertebrae
L2-L4
Meralgia Paresthetic
Compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve as it travels under the inguinal ligament - causes pain and numbness
Cutaneous innervation of the femoral nerve
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, anterior femoral cutaneous nerve, saphenous nerve
Saphenous nerve
Supplies skin of anterior/medial knee, leg, foot; becomes superficial between sartorius and gracilis
Adductor Canal
Intermuscular passage that begins at the apex of the femoral triangle and ends at the adductor hiatus (opening of the adductor magnus tendon)
How do femoral vessels reach the popliteal fossa (posterior knee and leg)?
Adductor canal – Adductor hiatus
Chief arterial supply to lower limb?
Femoral artery; inferiorly gives rise to articular branch and saphenous branch
Describe the femoral artery pathway
Begins beneath the inguinal ligament lateral to the femoral vein, travels inferiorly down the femoral triangle (descends on pectineus, iliopsoas, adductor canal), bisects apex deep to sartorius
Femoral artery branches
Medial (main supply to femoral head and neck) and lateral (supplies lateral thigh and femur head) circumflex arteries
Obturator nerve roots corresponding vertebrae
L2-L4
Sciatic Nerve roots corresponding vertebrae
L4-S3
Patellar Reflex
Testing patella tendon reflex tests the function of the femoral nerve and spinal cord segments L2-L4
Westphal’s sign
Absence of patellar reflex
Origin, Insertion, function and innervation of Iliopsoas m.
O: Lateral portion of T12-L5,
I: Lesser Trochanter
Function: Flex thigh
Innervation: Femoral nerve, anterior rami L1-3
Origin, insertion, function and innervation of Sartorius m.
O: ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)
I: Pes Anserinus
Function: Flex, laterally rotate and ABduct thigh, flex leg
Innervation: femoral nerve
Members of quadriceps femoris
Vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, rectus femoris
Where does the rectus femoris lie?
On top of the vastus intermedius
Origin, insertion, function and innervation of vasti
O: femoral shaft
I: tibial tuberosity
Function: extend leg
Innervation: femoral nerve
Origin, insertion, function and innervation of rectus femoris
O: AIIS (anterior inferior iliac spine)
I: tibial tuberosity
Function: extend leg, flex thigh
Innervation: femoral nerve
Origin, insertion, function and innervation of pectineus
O: Pubis
I: Pectineal line
Innervation: femoral nerve
Function: ADduct and flex thigh
Origin, insertion, function, and innervation of adductor longus
O: pubis
I: linea aspera
Function: ADduct and flex thigh
Innervation: Obturator nerve
Origin, insertion, function and innervation of gracilis
O: pubis
I: Superior part of the medial tibia
Funciton: ADduct thigh, flex and medially rotate leg
Innervation: obturator nerve
Origin, insertion, function and innervation of adductor brevis
O: pubis
I: proximal linea aspera
Function: ADduct and flex thigh
Innervation: obturator nerve
Junction between thigh and trunk
Groin
Groin pull
Stretching, tearing of proximal attachments of thigh adductor/flexor muscles
Deepest thigh muscle
Adductor magnus
2 parts of adductor magnus
Adductor portion and hamstring portion
Adductor portion of adductor magnus
O: Ischiopubic ramus
I: Gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
Innervation: obturator nerve
Function: ADduct and flex thigh
Hamstring portion of adductor magnus
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Adductor tubercle
Innervation: sciatic nerve
Function: ADduct and EXTEND thigh
Anterior cruciate ligament
Anterior tibia - medial femur
Prevents anterior displacement of tibia and posterior displacement of femur
How to see if ACL is torn
Pull leg anteriorly and it will move
Posterior cruciate ligament
Posterior tibia - medial femur
Prevents posterior displacement of tibia and anterior displacement of femur
How to see if PCL is torn
Push leg posteriorly and it will move
How to see if medial mensicus is torn
Push thigh laterally, and rotate leg medially - pain
How to see if lateral meniscus is torn
Push thigh medially, and rotate leg laterally - pain
Unhappy triad
Flexed knee with lateral twist of foot;
Torn ACL, MCL, Medial meniscus - traditional
Torn ACL, MCL, lateral meniscus - new theory
