Femoral Triangle, Anteromedial thigh and Knee Flashcards

1
Q

Base of the Femoral Triangle

A

Inguinal ligament

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2
Q

Lateral border of Femoral Triangle

A

Sartorius m.

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3
Q

Medial border of Femoral Triangle

A

Adductor Longus m.

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4
Q

Medial floor of Femoral Triangle

A

Pectineus m.

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5
Q

Lateral floor of Femoral Triangle

A

Iliopsoas m.

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6
Q

Contents of Femoral Triangle

A

NAVEL - Femoral nerve, artery, vein, empty space with lymph (fumoral canal with deep lymph nodes)

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7
Q

Femoral sheath

A

Femoral artery, vein, canal

Nerve NOT included

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8
Q

The proximal opening of the Femoral Canal

A

Femoral ring

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9
Q

Femoral ring surrounds what Lymph node

A

Rosenmuller’s Lymph node

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10
Q

Describe how a Femoral Hernia arises

A

When a loop of small intestine protrudes through the femoral ring into the femoral canal; most common in women

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11
Q

Femoral nerve roots corresponding vertebrae

A

L2-L4

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12
Q

Meralgia Paresthetic

A

Compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve as it travels under the inguinal ligament - causes pain and numbness

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13
Q

Cutaneous innervation of the femoral nerve

A

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, anterior femoral cutaneous nerve, saphenous nerve

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14
Q

Saphenous nerve

A

Supplies skin of anterior/medial knee, leg, foot; becomes superficial between sartorius and gracilis

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15
Q

Adductor Canal

A

Intermuscular passage that begins at the apex of the femoral triangle and ends at the adductor hiatus (opening of the adductor magnus tendon)

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16
Q

How do femoral vessels reach the popliteal fossa (posterior knee and leg)?

A

Adductor canal – Adductor hiatus

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17
Q

Chief arterial supply to lower limb?

A

Femoral artery; inferiorly gives rise to articular branch and saphenous branch

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18
Q

Describe the femoral artery pathway

A

Begins beneath the inguinal ligament lateral to the femoral vein, travels inferiorly down the femoral triangle (descends on pectineus, iliopsoas, adductor canal), bisects apex deep to sartorius

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19
Q

Femoral artery branches

A

Medial (main supply to femoral head and neck) and lateral (supplies lateral thigh and femur head) circumflex arteries

20
Q

Obturator nerve roots corresponding vertebrae

A

L2-L4

21
Q

Sciatic Nerve roots corresponding vertebrae

A

L4-S3

22
Q

Patellar Reflex

A

Testing patella tendon reflex tests the function of the femoral nerve and spinal cord segments L2-L4

23
Q

Westphal’s sign

A

Absence of patellar reflex

24
Q

Origin, Insertion, function and innervation of Iliopsoas m.

A

O: Lateral portion of T12-L5,
I: Lesser Trochanter
Function: Flex thigh
Innervation: Femoral nerve, anterior rami L1-3

25
Q

Origin, insertion, function and innervation of Sartorius m.

A

O: ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)
I: Pes Anserinus
Function: Flex, laterally rotate and ABduct thigh, flex leg
Innervation: femoral nerve

26
Q

Members of quadriceps femoris

A

Vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, rectus femoris

27
Q

Where does the rectus femoris lie?

A

On top of the vastus intermedius

28
Q

Origin, insertion, function and innervation of vasti

A

O: femoral shaft
I: tibial tuberosity
Function: extend leg
Innervation: femoral nerve

29
Q

Origin, insertion, function and innervation of rectus femoris

A

O: AIIS (anterior inferior iliac spine)
I: tibial tuberosity
Function: extend leg, flex thigh
Innervation: femoral nerve

30
Q

Origin, insertion, function and innervation of pectineus

A

O: Pubis
I: Pectineal line
Innervation: femoral nerve
Function: ADduct and flex thigh

31
Q

Origin, insertion, function, and innervation of adductor longus

A

O: pubis
I: linea aspera
Function: ADduct and flex thigh
Innervation: Obturator nerve

32
Q

Origin, insertion, function and innervation of gracilis

A

O: pubis
I: Superior part of the medial tibia
Funciton: ADduct thigh, flex and medially rotate leg
Innervation: obturator nerve

33
Q

Origin, insertion, function and innervation of adductor brevis

A

O: pubis
I: proximal linea aspera
Function: ADduct and flex thigh
Innervation: obturator nerve

34
Q

Junction between thigh and trunk

A

Groin

35
Q

Groin pull

A

Stretching, tearing of proximal attachments of thigh adductor/flexor muscles

36
Q

Deepest thigh muscle

A

Adductor magnus

37
Q

2 parts of adductor magnus

A

Adductor portion and hamstring portion

38
Q

Adductor portion of adductor magnus

A

O: Ischiopubic ramus
I: Gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
Innervation: obturator nerve
Function: ADduct and flex thigh

39
Q

Hamstring portion of adductor magnus

A

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Adductor tubercle
Innervation: sciatic nerve
Function: ADduct and EXTEND thigh

40
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament

A

Anterior tibia - medial femur

Prevents anterior displacement of tibia and posterior displacement of femur

41
Q

How to see if ACL is torn

A

Pull leg anteriorly and it will move

42
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament

A

Posterior tibia - medial femur

Prevents posterior displacement of tibia and anterior displacement of femur

43
Q

How to see if PCL is torn

A

Push leg posteriorly and it will move

44
Q

How to see if medial mensicus is torn

A

Push thigh laterally, and rotate leg medially - pain

45
Q

How to see if lateral meniscus is torn

A

Push thigh medially, and rotate leg laterally - pain

46
Q

Unhappy triad

A

Flexed knee with lateral twist of foot;
Torn ACL, MCL, Medial meniscus - traditional
Torn ACL, MCL, lateral meniscus - new theory