Back Myology Flashcards
6 layer method
Layers 1-3 = Extrinsic;
Layers 4-6 = Intrinsic
Trapezius m. Attachment
C7 - T12, ligamentum nuchae, external occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line
Trapezius m. Insertion
Lateral clavicle and scapular spine
Trapezius m. Action - whole
Retract scapula and rotate glenoid cavity superiorly
Trapezius m. Action - upper fibers
Elevate scapula, extend neck bilaterally and unilaterally rotate face AWAY from muscle
Trapezius m. Action - lower fibers
Depress scapula
Latissimus Dorsi m. Attachment
T6-L5, iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia along median sacral crest
Latissimus Dorsi m. Insertion
Anterior Humerus
Latissimus Dorsi m. Action
Extend, ADduct, medially rotate humerus and inferiorly rotate glenoid cavity
Levator Scapulae m. Attachment
Posterior tubercles of C1-C4 transverse processes
Levator Scapulae m. Insertion
Superior scapula
Levator Scapulae m. Action
Elevate scapula, inferiorly rotate glenoid cavity, extend and laterally flex neck
Rhomboid Minor m. Attachment
C7 - T1
Rhomboid Minor m. Insertion
Scapula at level of scapular spine
Rhomboid Minor m. Action
Retract and elevate scapula, inferiorly rotate glenoid cavity
Rhomboid Major m. Attachment
T2-T5
Rhomboid Major m. Insertion
Scapula inferior to scapular spine
Rhomboid Major m. Action
Retract and elevate scapula, inferiorly rotate glenoid cavity
Serratus Posterior Superior m. Attachment
Nuchal ligament, C7-T3
Serratus Posterior Superior m. Insertion
Superior surface of ribs
Serratus Posterior Superior m. Action
Proprioceptive; elevate ribs with forced inhalation
Serratus Posterior Inferior m. Attachment
T11-L2
Serratus Posterior Inferior m. Insertion
Inferior surface of ribs
Serratus Posterior Inferior m. Action
Proprioceptive; Depress ribs with forced exhalation
Splenius Capitis m. Attachment
lower half of nuchal ligament and C7 - T4
Splenius Capitis m. Insertion
Mastoid process or temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone
Splenius Capitis m. Action
Extend neck bilaterally, laterally flex and rotate head TOWARD unilateral muscle in activation
Splenius Cervicis m. Attachment
T3-T6
Splenius Cervicis m. Insertion
Transverse processes of C1-C4
Splenius Cervicis m. Action
Extend neck bilaterally, laterally flex and rotate head TOWARD unilateral muscle in activation
Erector Spinae group members and actions
Iliocostalis-lateral, Longissimus-intermediate, Spinalis-median
Action = Keep spine erect and maintain posture
Iliocostalis members
Iliocostalis Lumborum, Iliocostalis Thoracis, Iliocostalic Cervicis
Iliocostalis Lumborum m. Attachment
T11-L5, median sacral crest, iliac crest
Iliocostalis Lumborum m. Insertion
Costal angles of ribs
Iliocostalis Thoracis m. Attachment
Costal angles of ribs
Iliocostalis Thoracis m. Insertion
Costal angles of ribs and transverse process of C7
Iliocostalis Cervicis m. Attachment
Costal angles of ribs
Iliocostalis Cervicis m. Insertion
Posterior tubercles on transverse processes of C4-C6
Longissimus members
Longissimus Thoracis, Longissimus Cervicis, Longissimus Capitis
Longissimus Thoracis m. Attachment
Common origin with Iliocostalis Lumborum, transverse accessory processes L1-L5
Longissimus Thoracis m. Insertion
Transverse processes T1-L2 and ribs
Longissimus Cervicis m. Attachment
Transverse processes T1-T5
Longissimus Cervicis m. Insertion
Posterior tubercles on transverse processes of C2-C6
Longissimus Capitis m. Attachment
Transverse processes T1-T5
Longissimus Capitis m. Insertion
Mastoid process of temporal bone
Longissimus Capitis m. Action
Extend neck, laterally flex, turn head TOWARDS
Spinalis members
Spinalis Thoracis, Spinalis Cervicis, Spinalis Capitis
Spinalis Thoracis m. Attachment
Spinous processes of T11-L2
Spinalis Thoracis m. Insertion
T1-T4
Spinalis Cervicis m. Attachment
Spinous processes of T1-T6
Spinalis Cervicis m. Insertion
C2,3,4
What causes a back sprain?
Injury to the ligamentous attachments to the bone
What causes a back strain?
Excessive tearing and stretching of muscle fibers
Transversospinalis members
Semispinalis, Multifidus, Rotatores Longus, Rotatores Brevis
ALL GO BTWN transverse processes and spinous processes
Semispinalis m.
Jumps 5-6 spinous processes
Multifidus m.
Jumps 3-4 spinous processes
Rotatores Longus m.
Jumps 2 spinous processes
Rotatores Brevis m.
Jumps 1 spinous process
Semispinalis m. Members
Semispinalis Thoracis, Semispinalis Cervicis, Semispinalis Capitis
Semispinalis Thoracis m. Attachment
Transverse processes T6-12
Semispinalis Cervicis m. Attachment
Transverse processes T6-T1
Semispinalis Capitis m. Attachment
Transverse processes C7- T6
Semispinalis Capitis m. Insertion
Between superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone
Multifidus m. Attachment
Mamillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae
Rotatores Longus m. Attachment
Transverse processes
Rotatores Brevis m. Attachment
Transverse processes
Action of Semispinalis, Multifidus, Rotatores Longus and Rotatores Brevis
Extend spine and rotate spine away
Other Deep Back Muscles
Interspinalis, Intertransversarii, Levator Costarum Longus, Levator Costarum Brevis
Interspinalis m. Attachment and Insertion
Spinous process to adjacent spinous process
Intertransversarii m. Attachment and Insertion
Transverse processes to adjacent transverse processes
Levator Costarum Longus m. Attachment and Insertion
C7-T11 Transverse processes to 2nd inferior rib away from it
Levator Costarum Brevis m. Attachment and Insertion
C7-T11 Transverse processes to adjacent inferior rib away from it
Suboccipital Region muscles
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major, Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor, Obliquus Capitis Inferior, Obliquus Capitis Superior
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major m. Attachment
Spinous process C2
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major m. Insertion
Lateral inferior nuchal line
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major m. Action
Extend Head, rotate face toward
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor m. Attachment
Posterior tubercle C1
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor m. Insertion
Below Inferior nuchal line
Rectus Capitits Posterior Minor m. Action
Extend head
Obliquus Capitis Inferior m. Attachment
Spinous process C2
Obliquus Capitis Inferior m. Insertion
Transverse Process C1–WEIRD
Obliquues Capitis Inferior m. Action
Rotate face toward
Obliquus Capitis Superior m. Attachment
Transverse process C1
Obliquus Capitis Superior m. Insertion
Between superior and inferior nuchal lines
Obliquus Capitis m. Action
Extend and laterally flex head
What is the medial border of the suboccipital triangle
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
What is the inferior border of the suboccipital triangle
Obliquus Capitis Inferior
What is the lateral border of the suboccipital triangle
Obliquus Capitis Superior
What innervates the suboccipital region
Suboccipital nerve;
The vertebral artery is through the floor of the triangle
Layer 1
Trapezius and Latissimus Dorsi
Layer 2
Levator Scapulae, Rhomboid minor, Rhomboid Major
Layer 3
Serratus Posterior Superior and Serratus Posterior Inferior
Layer 4
Splenius Cervicis and Splenius Capitis
Layer 5
Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis
Layer 6
Semispinalis, Multifidus, Rotatores Longus, Rotatores Brevis