UE Arthrology Flashcards
What type of joint and what 2 bones articulate in the Sternoclavicular joint?
Sellar synovial joint
Clavicular notch of manubrium and the sternal fact of the clavicle articulate
What ligaments are involved in the sternoclavicular joint?
Articular capsule, articular disc, costoclavicular L., Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular L., Interclavicular L.
What does the costoclavicular L. attach?
The inferior surface of the clavicle to the 1st rib
What type of joint and what 2 bones articulate in the Acromioclavicular joint?
Planar synovial joint
Acromial facet on clavicle and the fact on acromion of scapula
What ligaments are involved in the acromioclavicular joint?
Acromioclavicular L. and the coracoclavicular L.
What 2 ligaments make up the coracoclavicular L?
Trapezoid L. and Conoid L.
Falling where weight shoots vertically up through the elbow to brachium will do what to the acromioclavicular joint?
It can dislocate the joint but will not rupture the coracoclavicular L.
Falling where weight falls directly on to the shoulder can do what to the acromioclavicular joint?
It can dislocate AND rupture the coracoclavicular ligament
What type of joint and what is involved in the glenohumeral joint?
BALL AND SOCKET (spheroidal synovial)
Cavity of scapular head that is deepened by the glenoid labrum
What bursae are involved in the glenohumeral joint?
Subscapular and subacromial
Most important thing in the glenohumeral joint?
Coracoacromial arch that prevents superior displacement of humerus – coracoacromial L.
What type of joint and what is involved in the elbow joint?
Hinge type synovial
Humeral condyle, trochlear notch of ulna and head of radius
What are the main ligaments in the elbow joint?
Ulnar collateral L. of the elbow and the radial collateral L. of the elbow
What are the 3 bands of the Ulnar collateral L of the elbow?
Anterior, posterior and oblique
What is needed to posteriorly dislocate the elbow?
A tear in the ulnar collateral L.
What is a dart thrower’s elbow?
Subcutaneous olecranon bursitis due to excessive friction between skin and olecranon
How many radioulnar joints are there?
3
What is pulled elbow?
Radial head is dislocated out of annular L
Usually occurs from pulling on a child’s arm
What articulates in the radiocarpal joint?
Disteal end of radius and the proximal row of carpals (scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum)
What movements does the radiocarpal joint allow?
Flexion, extension, aBduction and aDduction
What are some ligaments in the radiocarpal joint?
Palmar/dorsal radiocarpal, palmar/dorsal ulnocarpal, radial collateral L. of the wrist and the ulnar collateral L. of the wrist
What articulates in the carpometacarpal joints?
Distal row of carpals and metacarpals (5)
Describe the 1st carpometacarpal joint
Between trapezium and the 1st metacarpal; sellar synovial joint
Describe the 2nd through 5th carpometacarpal joints
Between distal row of carpals and 2-5th metacarpals;
planar synovial joint
Carpometacarpal ligaments?
Palmar and dorsal carpometacarpal ligaments, pisometacarpal L.
Describe Intermetacarpal joint
Between metacarpals, planar synovial, palmar and dorsal intermetacarpal L.
What articulates and what type of joints are the metacarpophalangeal joints?
Between metacarpals and proximal phalanges;
Condylar synovial joints
What are the important ligaments in the metacarpophalangeal joints and how do you distinguish them?
Palmar, medial collateral and lateral collateral, deep transverse metacarpal L.
The side closest to the thumb will house the lateral collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint
What is unique about the medial and lateral collateral ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal joints?
Both contain a cord shaped part (runs proximal to distal) and a fan shaped part (travels anteriorly to insert on the palmar L.)
Bull rider’s thumb
Sprain of the lateral collateral L. of the 1st metacarpophalangeal joint
Skier’s or Game-keeper’s thumb
Laxity or rupture of both the medial and lateral collateral ligaments of the 1st metacarphophalangeal joint
What action does Skier’s or Game-keeper’s thumb result in?
Hyper ABduction of the thumb at that joint
Where is the 1st interphalangeal joint?
Thumb
Describe the proximal interphalangeal joints
Located on the 2nd - 5th digits; numbered starting at the 2nd digit, 1-4!!
Describe the distal interphalangeal joints
Located on the 2nd - 5th digits; numbered starting at the 2nd digit, 2-5!
What do all interphalangeal joints have?
Palmar ligament anteriorly, medial and lateral collateral ligaments
Mallet “baseball” finger
Sudden hyperflexion of distal interphalangeal joint can avulse attachment of long extensor tendon with that tendon away from distal phalanx
What are the movements of the scapula?
elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, rotation
What are the movements of the glenohumeral joint?
extension, flexion, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation
What are the movements of the elbow?
Flexion and extension
What are the movements of the radioulnar joint?
pronation and supination
What are the movements of the wrist?
flexion, extension, ulnar flexion (ADduction), radial flexion (ABduction)
What are the movements of the phalanges?
Flexion, extension, ABduction away from 3rd finger midline and ADduction toward the 3rd finger midline
Synovial “ganglion” cyst
Irritation of synovial sheaths causing accumulation of fluid
Dupuytren contracture
Shortening, thickening, fibrosis of palamar aponeurosis resulting partial flexion of 4th and 5th digits
