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MSK1 > Foot and Ankle > Flashcards

Foot and Ankle Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

What is fascia?

A

Thick connective tissue

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2
Q

What is the fascia on the sole of the foot?

A

Plantar fascia

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3
Q

What is the central thickest part of the plantar fascia that runs longitudinally down the foot called?

A

Plantar aponeurosis

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4
Q

Origin and function of plantar aponeurosis

A

O: Posterior calcaneus
Function: support the longitudinal foot arches

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5
Q

What is plantar fascitis?

A

Inflammation of the plantar aponeurosis at the proximal attachment to the calcaneus

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6
Q

What causes plantar fascitis and when is the pain severe?

A

Causes: overweight, bad shoes, high impact exercise, running

Pain is more severe after sitting and when getting out of bed

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7
Q

What can plantar fascitis lead to?

A

Heel spur syndrome - bony spur around medial tubercle of calcaneus

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8
Q

What are the dorsum foot muscles?

A

Extensor hallucis brevis and Extensor digitorum brevis

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9
Q

Origin, insertion, action, innervation of extensor hallucis brevis

A

O: Superolateral calcaneus and interosseous talocalcaneal L.
I: Base of 1st proximal phalynx
Innvervation: Deep fibular nerve
Action: extend hallux (big toe) at metatarsophalangeal joint

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10
Q

Origin, insertion, action, innervation of extensor digitorum brevis

A

O: superolateral calcaneus and interosseous talcalcaneal L.
I: Extensor digitorum longus tendon
Action: Extend digits 2-4 (not pinky toe)
Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

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11
Q

What are the muscles in the first layer of the plantar aspect?

A

Abductor digiti minimi, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis

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12
Q

How many layers of muscles are there in the plantar aspect of the foot?

A

4

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13
Q

Origin, insertion, action, innervation of abductor digiti minimi

A

O: Calcaneal tuberosity
I: Base of 5th proximal phalanx
Action: ABduct and flex 5th digit
Innervation: Lateral plantar n.

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14
Q

Origin, insertion, action, innervation of flexor digitorum brevis

A

O: calcaneal tuberosity
I: 2-5 intermediate phalanges
Action: flex digits 2-5
Innervation: medial plantar n.

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15
Q

Origin, insertion, action, innervation of abductor hallucis

A

O: calcaneal tuberosity
I: 1st proximal phalanx
Action: ABduct and flex hallux
Innervation: Medial plantar n.

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16
Q

What are the muscles in layer 2 of the plantar foot?

A

Quadratus plantae and lumbricals

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17
Q

Origin, insertion, action, innervation of quadratus plantae

A

O: Plantar surface of calcaneus
I: Flexor digitorum longus Tendon
Innervation: Lateral plantar n.
Action: Help flex digits 2-5

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18
Q

Origin, insertion, action, innervation of lumbricals

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A

O: Flexor digitorum longus tendon
I: Proximal phalanx of digits 2-5 and medial aspects of digital expansion
Innvervation: 1st lumbrical = medial plantar nerve
2-4th lumbricals = lateral plantar nerve
Action: Flex MP joint and extend PIP and DIP joints

19
Q

What does MP stand for

Study These Flashcards
A

Metatarsophalangeal joint

20
Q

What does PIP stand for

Study These Flashcards
A

Proximal interphalangeal joint

21
Q

What does DIP stand for

Study These Flashcards
A

Distal interphalangeal joint

22
Q

What are the muscles in layer 3 of the plantar foot?

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A

Flexor digiti minimi brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor hallucis brevis

23
Q

Origin, insertion, action, innervation of flexor digiti minimi brevis

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A

O: Base of 5th metatarsal
I: 5th proximal phalanx
Innervation: Superficial lateral plantar n.
Action: Flex proximal phalanx of 5th digit

24
Q

Origin, insertion, action, innervation of adductor hallucis

Study These Flashcards
A 
O: Transverse head: MP joints
Oblique head: Bases of 2-4 metatarsals
I: Lateral base of 1st proximal phalanx
Innervation: Deep lateral plantar n. 
Action: ADduct hallux
25
Origin, insertion, action, innervation of flexor hallucis brevis
O: plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiform I: 1st proximal phalanx - medial and lateral heads Innervation: Medial plantar n. Action: Protect 1st metatarsal head and FHL tendon when walking/standing, have sesamoid bones as well
26
What are the muscles in layer 4 of the plantar foot?
Plantar and Dorsal interossei
27
Origin, insertion, action, innervation of plantar interossei
O: medial bases of 3-5 metatarsals I: Medial aspects of 3-5 proximal phalanges Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve Action: PAD - ADDduct digits 3-5
28
Origin, insertion, action, and innervation of dorsal interossei
O: Bases of 1st - 5th metatarsals I: Lateral aspects of 2 - 4 proximal phalanges and medial aspect of 2nd proximal phalanx as well Innervation: lateral plantar nerve Action: DAB - ABduct digits 2-4
29
What is hallux valgus
Lateral deviation of the great toe
30
What is a tender and inflamed bursa
Bunion
31
What is an inflamed area of thick skin over proximal IP joint called?
Corn
32
List 4 toe deformities
Hammer toes, claw toes, mallet toes, trigger toe
33
How do hammer toes arise?
Proximal phalanx hyperextended, distal phalanx plantar flexed at PIP joint, distal phalanx extended
34
How do claw toes arise?
Proximal phalanx hyperextended at MP joint, flexion of distal and proximal IP joints
35
What usually causes toe deformities?
Shortened flexor muscles that override lumbrical function
36
How do mallet toes arise?
Only flexion at the distal IP joint
37
How does a trigger toe arise?
Only flexion at the IP joint of the big toe
38
How does the tibial nerve innervate the foot?
It splits into the medial plantar nerve and the lateral plantar nerve, the lateral plantar nerve has a deep and superficial branch
39
What 4 muscles does the medial plantar nerve innervate?
Abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, medial one lumbrical, flexor hallucis brevis Lateral plantar nerve innervates the REST!!!!
40
Cutaneous innervation of the top of the foot?
Medial dorsal cutaneous (superficial fibular nerve)
41
Cutaneous innervation using the deep fibular nerve?
Lateral cuteanous nerve of the big toe and medial cutaneous nerve of the 2nd toe
42
What 4 ligaments make up the deltoid (medial) L?
Anterior and posterior tibiotalar, tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal
43
What 3 ligaments make up the lateral L?
Anterior and posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular
44
What is the dorsum fascia of the foot continuous with?
Extensor retiniculum

MSK1 (29 decks)

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