Types of Pneumonia Flashcards
Who is typically affected by mycoplasma pneumoniae?
Younger patients
What type of pnuemonia is mycoplasma pneumoniae?
Atypical pneumonia
How can mycoplasma pneumoniae present?
Flu like symptoms
Arthralgia
Myalgia
Dry cough
Headache
What are the possible complications of mycoplasma pneumoniae?
Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia**
Erythema multiforme
Meningoencephalitis
Guillain-Barre syndrome
What are the 2 main complcations of mycoplasma pneumoniae?
Erythema multiforme
Cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
What can be seen on an x-ray of someone with mycoplasma pneumoniae?
Bilateral consolidation
How can mycoplasma pneumoniae be diagnosed?
Mycoplasma serology
What can be used in the management of mycoplasma pneumoniae?
doxycycline or a macrolide (e.g. erythromycin/ clarithromycin)
How can the erythema multiforme rash be described in soemone with mycoplasma pneumoniae?
Varying sized “target lesions” formed by pink rings with pale centres
What part of the lung is affected by klebsiella pneumonia?
Upper lobes resulting in a cavitating pneumonia
How can klebsiella pneumonia present?
Red current jelly sputum
What is klebsiella pneumonia caused by?
Gram-negative anaerobic rod.
What is there an increased risk of with klebsiella pneumonia?
Increased risk of developing complications including empyema, lung abscesses and pleural adhesions.
Who is more at risk of klebsiella pneumonia?
People with weakened immune systems
–Elderly
–Alcoholics
–Diabetics
Who else could be at risk for klebsiella pneumonia?
Malignancy
COPD
Long term steroid use
Renal failure
What can be used in the diagnosis of mycoplasm pneumonia?
Polymerase chain reaction
Who does staphylococcal pneumonia typically affect?
After influenza infection ***
IVDU
Elderly
Patients who already have an influenza infection.
What does staphylococcal pneumonai typically occur after?
Influenza virus
What does staphylococcal pneumonia cause?
Bilateral cavitating bronchopneumonia
What is legionella pneumonia associated with?
Legionnaire’s disease
How can legionella pneumonia present?
Fever
Myalgia and malaise
followed by dyspnoea and a dry cough
What would you look for in blood tests of someone with legionella pneumonia?
Hyponatraemia and deranged LFTs
What would you find in the urine of someoen with legionella pneumonia?
Legionella antigen may be present in the urine
In who does pneumcytis pneumonia occur?
immunosuppressed (malignancy or chemotherapy)
or
HIV positive
What is pnemocystis pneumonia caused by?
Pneumocystis jiroveci
What s pneumocystis jiroveci?
Fungus
- What increases the risk of pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in patients with HIV?
HIV-positive the risk of PCP increases when the CD4+ <200 cells/uL.
What are the main symptoms of pneumocystic jiroveci pneumonia?
Exertional dyspnoea
Dry cough
Fever
