Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (Extrinsic allergic alveolitis) Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for hypersensitivity pneumonitis?

A

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis

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2
Q

What is hypersensitivity pneumonitis?

A

Hypersensitivity induced lung damage due to a variety of inhaled organic particles

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3
Q

What is hypersensitivity pneumonitis mainly due to?

A

Immune-complex mediated tissue damage (type III hypersensitivity)

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4
Q

What type of reaction is hypersensitivity pneumonitis?

A

Widespread inflammatory reaction

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5
Q

What are the main causes of hypersensitivity pneumonitis?

A

Bird fanciers’ lung
Farmers lung
Malt workers’ lung
Mushroom workers’ lung

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6
Q

What is the cause of bird fancier’s lung?

A

Avian proteins from bird droppings

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7
Q

What is the main cause of farmers’ lung?

A

Spores of Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula from wet hay

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8
Q

What is the cause of malt workers’ lung?

A

Aspergillus clavatus

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9
Q

What is the main cause of Mushroom workers’ lung?

A

Thermophilic actinomycetes

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10
Q

What are the phases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis?

A

Acute and Chronic

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11
Q

When does the acute phase of extrinsic allergic alveolitis occur?

A

4- 8 hours post exposure

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12
Q

How does the acute phase of hypersensitivity pneumonitis present?

A

dyspnoea
dry cough
fever

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13
Q

How does the chronic phase of extrinsic allergic alveolitis present?

A

lethargy
dyspnoea
productive cough
anorexia and weight loss

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14
Q

When does the chronic phase of extrinsic allergic alveolitis occur?

A

Weeks to months post exposure

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15
Q

How would you diagnose hypersensitivity pneumonitis?

A

Chest x-ray

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16
Q

What would you see on a chest x-ray of someone with extrinsic allergic alveolitis?

A

Upper to mid zone fibrosis

17
Q

What other investigations might you do for someone presenting with hypersensitivity pneumonitis?

A

Bronchoalveolar lavage
serologic assays
Blood test

18
Q

What might you see on bronchoalveolar lavage in someone with extrinsic allergic alveolitis?

A

Lymphocytosis

19
Q

What might you see on a serological assay in someone with hypersensitivity pneumonitis?

A

Specific IgG antibodies

20
Q

What would you not see in the blood of someone with hypersensitivity pneumonitis?

A

Eosinophilia

21
Q

What is the conservative management of extrinsic allergic alveolitis?

A

Avoid precipitating factors

22
Q

What is the medical management of hypersensitivity pneumonitis?

A

Oral glucocorticoids (40mg prednisolone)