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Respiratory > Asthma > Flashcards

Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

What type of condition is asthma?

A

Obstructive lung disease

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2
Q

What is asthma characterised by?

A

Paroxysmal and reversible airway bronchoconstriction

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3
Q

What is asthma the result of?

A

Inflammation of the respiratory airways and bronchial hyperresponsiveness.

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4
Q

What is asthma associated with?

A

A family history of atopy

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5
Q

What is the atopic triad?

A

Asthma
Allergic rhinitis
Atopic eczema.

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6
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction does asthma involve?

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

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7
Q

What do the allergens stimualte to produce cytokines?

A

Type 2 helper T cells (TH2)

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8
Q

What cytokines are produced by stimulated type 2 helper T cells?

A

IL-4
IL-5
IL-13

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8
Q

What cytokines are produced by stimulated type 2 helper T cells?

A

IL-4
IL-5
IL-13

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9
Q

What can airway inflammation lead to in someone with asthma?

A

Airway remodelling

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10
Q

What is airway remodelling characterised by?

A

Bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy
Bronchoconstriction
Mucous gland hypertrophy
Vasodilation
Increased vascular permeability.

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11
Q

What are the main presenting symptoms of asthma?

A

Wheeze
Dyspnoea
Cough
Chest tightness
Diurnal variation

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12
Q

When might the cough in someon with asthma occur?

A

Nocturnally

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13
Q

What diurinal variation might occur in someone with asthma?

A

Symptoms often worse in the morning

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14
Q

What can exaccerbate the symptoms of asthma?

A

Exercise
NSAIDs/beta-blockers

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15
Q

What are the main signs of asthma?

A

Tachypnoea
Hyperinflated chest
Hyper-resonance on chest percussion
Decreased air entry
Wheeze on auscultation

16
Q

What might you find on percussion of someone with asthma?

A

Hyper-resonance

17
Q

What might you hear on auscultation of someone with asthma?

A

Wheeze

18
Q

What are signs of a severe asthma attack?

A

Inability to speak in complete sentences
Respiratory rate >25
Peak flow 33-50% predicted

19
Q

What are signs of a life threatening asthma attack?

A

Silent chest
Confusion
Bradycardia
Cyanosis
Exhaustion

Respiratory (47 decks)

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