Obstructive Sleep apnoea Flashcards

1
Q

What causes obstructive sleep apnoea?

A

Collapse of the pharyngeal airway

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2
Q

What is obstructive sleep apnoea characterised by?

A

Episodes of apnoea during sleep, where the person stops breathing periodically for up to a few minutes.

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3
Q

Does the patient tend to be aware of their sleep apnoea?

A

No, patients partners usually notice

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4
Q

What are the main risk factors associated with obstructive sleep apnoea?

A
  • Middle age
  • Male
  • Obesity
  • Alcohol
  • Smoking
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5
Q

What connective tissue disease is associated with obstructive sleep apnoea?

A

Marfan’s syndrome

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6
Q

How can obstructive sleep apnoea present?

A
  • Episodes of apnoea during sleep
  • Snoring
  • Morning headache
  • Waking up unrefreshed from sleep
  • Daytime sleepiness
  • Concentration problems
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7
Q

What are possible consequences of obstructive sleep apnoea?

A
  • daytime somnolence
  • compensated respiratory acidosis
  • hypertension
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8
Q

What is used for the assessment of sleepiness in someone with obstructive sleep apnoea?

A
  • Epworth Sleepiness Scale (main)
  • Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT)
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9
Q

What is the Epworth sleepiness scale?

A

Questionnaire completed by patient and or partner

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10
Q

What does the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) measure?

A

Measures the time to fall asleep in a dark room (using EEG criteria)

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11
Q

What is the main diagnostic test for obstructive sleep apnoea?

A

Sleep studies (polysomnography)

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12
Q

What is measured with a polysomnography?

A

A wide variety of physiological factors are measured including EEG, respiratory airflow, thoraco-abdominal movement, snoring and pulse oximetry

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13
Q

What is the initial management for obstructive sleep apnoea?

A

Reversible risk factors:
-weight loss
-stop drinking
-stop smoking

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13
Q

What is the initial management for obstructive sleep apnoea?

A

Reversible risk factors:
-weight loss
-stop drinking
-stop smoking

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13
Q

What is the initial management for obstructive sleep apnoea?

A

Reversible risk factors:
-weight loss
-stop drinking
-stop smoking

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14
Q

What is the management for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea?

A

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

15
Q

What can be given if CPAP isn’t tolerated?

A

Intra-oral devices (e.g. mandibular advancement)

16
Q

What can be done if obstructive sleep apnoea is severe?

A

Surgery- uvulopalatopharyngoplasty

17
Q

Who needs to be informed about a patients obstructive sleep apnoea and when?

A

DVLA
If it is causing excessive daytime sleepiness

18
Q

What type of blood gas could present in someone with obstructive sleep apnoea?

A

Compensated respiratory acidosis

19
Q

What are serious complications of obstructive sleep apnoea?

A

Hypertension and heart failure
- Can increase the risk of MI and stroke.