Diagnosis and management of lung cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first line investigation for lung cancer?

A

Chest x-ray

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2
Q

What might you see on a chest x-ray of someone with lung cancer?

A

Hilar lymphadenopathy
“Peripheral opacity” – a visible lesion in the lung field
Pleural effusion – usually unilateral in cancer
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3
Q

What is the investigation of choice for suspected lung cancer?

A

Contrast-enhanced CT

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4
Q

What should the CT include?

A

Adrenals and liver to look for sites of metastases.

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5
Q

What can be used to allow samples to be taken in suspected lung cancer?

A

Bronchoscopy and EBUS

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6
Q

What might you find in the blood of someone with lung cancer?

A

Thrombocytosis- elevated platelets

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7
Q

When might you carry out in a PET scan in someone with suspected lung cancer?

A

Non-small cell lung cancer to establish eligibility for curative treatment

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8
Q

What nerve palsy’s can occur in someone with lung cancer?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve plasy- hoarse voice
Phrenic nerve palsy- shortness of breath

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9
Q

What is a complication of lung cancer?

A

Superior vena cava obstruction

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10
Q

What is Superior vena cava obstruction due to?

A

Direct compression of the tumour on the superior vena cava

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11
Q

How can superior vena cana obstruction present?

A

Facial swelling
Difficulty breathing
Distended veins in the neck and upper chest.

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12
Q

What sign can be used to diagnose superior vena cava obstruction?

A

“Pemberton’s sign” - raising hands over head causes facial congestion and cyanosis.

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13
Q

What is the first line management of non-small cell lung cancer?

A

Lobectomy

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14
Q

What is offered for stages 1-3 of lung cancer?

A

Curative radiotherapy

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15
Q

What can be offered to stages 3 and above lung cancer?

A

Chemotherapy to control the disease and improve quality of life.

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