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Respiratory > Pneumonia > Flashcards

Pneumonia Flashcards

1
Q

What is pneumonia?

A

Inflammatory condition affecting the alveoli of the lungs

In the majority of cases it is secondary to a bacterial infection.

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2
Q

What is pneumonia usually due to?

A

Secondary to a bacterial infection

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3
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial acquired pneumonia?

A

Streptococcus pneumonia

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4
Q

What are the other possible causes of community acquired pneumonia?

A
  • Haemophilus influenzae
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
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5
Q

When are people normally affected by staphylococcus aureus pneumonia?

A

After a an influenza virus

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6
Q

Who is commonly affected by klebsiella pneumonia?

A

Alcoholics

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7
Q

What are the main presentations of pneumonia?

A
  • cough
  • sputum
  • dyspnoea
  • chest pain: may be pleuritic
  • fever
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8
Q

How might the chest pain be described with pneumonia?

A

Pleuritic chest pain

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9
Q

What are possible signs of pneumonai?

A

Fever
Tachycardia and tachypnoea
Hypotesnion
Reduced oxygen saturations
Bronchial breathing and reduced breath sounds

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10
Q

What might you hear on auscultation of someone with pneumonia?

A

Bronchial breathing and reduced breath sounds

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11
Q

What are the characteristic features of pneumococcal pneumonia?

A
  • rapid onset
  • high fever
  • pleuritic chest pain
  • herpes labialis (cold sores)
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12
Q

What is the initial investigation for pneumonia?

A

Chest x-ray

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13
Q

What would you see on a chest x-ray of someone with pneumonia?

A

Consolidation

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14
Q

What investigations might you do on an intermediate-high risk patient?

A

Blood and sputum cultures

Pneumococcal and legionella urinary antigen tests

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15
Q

Why might you check the CRP in someone with pneumonia?

A

To help determine response to treatment

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16
Q

What is used for the assessment of someone with pneumonia?

A

CURB-65 score

17
Q

What does CURB-65 score?

A
  • C-Confusion (abbreviated mental test score <= 8/10)
    *U-Urea > 7mmol/l
  • R- Respiration rate >= 30/min
  • B- Blood pressure: systolic <= 90 mmHg and/or diastolic <= 60 mmHg
  • 65- Aged >= 65 years
18
Q

When does hospital acquired pneumonia occur?

A

48 hours after admission to hospital

19
Q

What is the main cause of hospital acquired pneumonia?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

20
Q

What are the other causes of hospital acquired pneumonia?

A
  • Staphylococcal aureus

* Enterobacteria.

21
Q

What is the causative agent of pneumonia that results in hyponatraemia?

A

Legionella pneumonia

22
Q

What is first line management for community acquired pneumonia and CURB score 0?

A

Amoxicillin

23
Q

What is an alternative to amoxicillin?

A

Macrolide and tetracycline

24
Q

How long are antibiotics given for low severity community acquired pneumonia?

A

5 days

25
Q

What is the management of moderate to high severity community acquired pneumonia?

A

Dual antibiotic therapy- Amoxicillin and a macrolide

26
Q

How long is medication given for moderate to high severity community acquired pneumonia?

A

7-10 days

27
Q

What additional management can be given for pneumonia?

A
  • Oxygen-keep O2 saturations above 94%
  • Fluid management
  • Analgesia- pleuritic chest pain
28
Q

What is the management of pleuritic chest pain?

A

Paracetamol 1g/6 hours (Max. 4g 24hours)

29
Q

When needs to be done in 6 weeks after clinical resolution and why?

A

Repeat chest x-ray

Ensures that the consolidation has resolved and there is no underlying secondary abnormalities

30
Q

What would 3-5 on a CURB65 score indicate?

A

Hospital admission alongside consideration for ITU referral.

31
Q

How can consolidation appear on a chest x-ray?

A

As shadowing

32
Q

What signs can present in someone with pneumonia?

A

Signs of systemic infection

33
Q

What signs of systemic infection can present in someone with pneumonia?

A

High temperature
Tachycardia
Hypotension
Confusion
Tachypnoea

34
Q

What can be heard on auscultation of someone with pneumonia?

A

Reduced breath sounds
bronchial breathing
Crepitations and crackles

35
Q

What is pneumonia?

A

Inflammation and infection of teh lung tissue
Sputum fills the airways and alveoli

36
Q

When is pneumonia classified as aspiration pneumonia?

A

Pneumonia whoch results from aspiration of forgein material or food

Respiratory (47 decks)

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