types of drugs - Sheet1 Flashcards
Do OTC medications require authorization from a healthcare provider?
No, patients can treat themselves.
What must patients do when using OTC medications?
Carefully follow directions.
Does OTC medication require monitoring from a healthcare provider?
No.
How much does the average US household spend on OTC medications annually?
$400 per year.
How many OTC medications are typically in a US medicine cabinet?
24 OTC medications.
What percentage of people take at least one OTC drug every two days?
0.4
Why are OTC drugs a common first step in treatment?
They allow self-treatment and are usually appropriate for initial care.
Are herbal and dietary supplements considered drugs?
No, they are not classified as drugs.
Are herbal and dietary supplements regulated by the FDA for safety?
No, they are not subjected to the same regulatory process.
Can herbal supplements cause side effects or interact with medications?
Yes, they can.
What are drug schedules used for?
To categorize drugs with potential for abuse.
How are drugs with abuse potential regulated?
Their sale and distribution are highly regulated.
What is Schedule I?
Drugs with high abuse potential and no approved medical use.
What is Schedule II?
Drugs with high potential for abuse and dependence, such as oxycodone, amphetamines, and cocaine.
What are Schedules III-V?
Drugs with potential for abuse and dependence, such as opioids and barbiturates.
What is pharmacokinetics?
The study of a drug’s movement in the body (ADME).
What does ADME stand for in pharmacokinetics?
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion.
What are the three ways drugs cross cell membranes?
- Channels and pores, 2. Transport systems (e.g., P-glycoprotein), 3. Direct penetration of the membrane.
How do most drugs cross cell membranes?
By direct penetration.
Why must drugs be lipid-soluble to cross cell membranes?
Cell membranes are mostly composed of lipids.
What types of drugs are non-lipophilic?
Polar molecules and ions.
What is ion trapping (pH partitioning)?
The process where drugs accumulate on the side of a membrane where the pH favors ionization.
