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pharm > calcium channel blockers - Sheet1 > Flashcards

calcium channel blockers - Sheet1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main types of calcium channel blockers?

A

Dihydropyridines and Non-dihydropyridines.

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2
Q

What is the common suffix for dihydropyridines?

A

-dipine (e.g., nifedipine, amlodipine).

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3
Q

Name two nondihydropyridine CCBs.

A

Verapamil and Diltiazem.

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4
Q

What do CCBs block to exert their effects?

A

Calcium (Ca2+) channels.

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5
Q

Where do dihydropyridine CCBs mainly act?

A

Blood vessels – causing vasodilation of peripheral arterioles and arteries/arterioles of the heart.

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6
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of dihydropyridine CCBs?

A

Angina pectoris and hypertension (HTN).

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7
Q

Why are CCBs effective for angina?

A

They cause vasodilation, increasing oxygen delivery to the heart muscle.

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8
Q

What additional effects do nondihydropyridine CCBs have compared to dihydropyridines?

A

They affect the myocardium, SA node, and AV node, leading to decreased force of contraction, decreased heart rate, and slowed AV node conduction.

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9
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of nondihydropyridine CCBs?

A

Angina pectoris, hypertension, and cardiac dysrhythmias (e.g., atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, supraventricular tachycardia - SVT).

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10
Q

How do nondihydropyridine CCBs help in cardiac dysrhythmias?

A

By decreasing heart rate and slowing conduction through the AV node.

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11
Q

What are the two types of calcium channel blockers (CCBs)?

A

Dihydropyridines (-dipine drugs) and Non-dihydropyridines (Verapamil, Diltiazem).

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12
Q

Name some dihydropyridine CCBs.

A

Nifedipine, amlodipine, felodipine, nicardipine, isradipine, nisoldipine.

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13
Q

What is the primary action of dihydropyridine CCBs?

A

Vasodilation – they “open up plumbing” and lower blood pressure.

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14
Q

What adverse effect can dihydropyridine CCBs cause due to reflex cardiac stimulation?

A

Reflex tachycardia (increased HR).

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15
Q

What drug class can be given with dihydropyridines to counteract reflex tachycardia?

A

Beta blockers (e.g., metoprolol).

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16
Q

What are the main adverse effects of dihydropyridine CCBs?

A

Reflex tachycardia, acute toxicity (affecting the heart), orthostatic hypotension, peripheral edema, gingival hyperplasia (gum overgrowth).

17
Q

Why should patients on dihydropyridine CCBs practice good oral care?

A

To prevent gingival hyperplasia (gum overgrowth).

18
Q

What are the two main non-dihydropyridine CCBs?

A

Verapamil and Diltiazem.

19
Q

What are the primary uses of non-dihydropyridine CCBs?

A

Angina, hypertension, cardiac dysrhythmias (IV for dysrhythmias).

20
Q

Why are non-dihydropyridine CCBs first-line for hypertension in Black patients?

A

They are more effective at lowering BP in this population compared to other antihypertensives.

21
Q

What is the net effect of non-dihydropyridine CCBs on HR, AV conduction, and contractility?

A

Minimal change due to reflex cardiac stimulation balancing out cardiac conduction blockade.

22
Q

What are the main adverse effects of non-dihydropyridine CCBs?

A

Orthostatic hypotension, peripheral edema, constipation (especially verapamil), flushing, dizziness, headache, bradycardia, AV block, decreased contractility, chronic eczematous rash in older patients, gingival hyperplasia.

23
Q

Why should non-dihydropyridine CCBs be used cautiously in heart failure?

A

They reduce contractility, which can worsen heart failure.

24
Q

What cardiac conditions contraindicate non-dihydropyridine CCB use?

A

Sick sinus syndrome (SSS), 2nd/3rd-degree AV block, heart failure.

25
Q

What are key drug interactions with dihydropyridine CCBs?

A

Cimetidine, famotidine, grapefruit juice (increase toxicity).

26
Q

What are key drug interactions with non-dihydropyridine CCBs?

A

Digoxin, beta blockers, grapefruit juice.

27
Q

What are contraindications for dihydropyridine CCBs?

A

Acute MI, unstable angina, aortic stenosis, SSS, 2nd/3rd-degree AV block.

28
Q

What are contraindications for non-dihydropyridine CCBs?

A

Heart block, heart failure.

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