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pharm > the raas drugs - Sheet1 > Flashcards

the raas drugs - Sheet1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does RAAS stand for?

A

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System.

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2
Q

What triggers the RAAS system?

A

Low sodium levels and low blood pressure.

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3
Q

What are the three main classes of RAAS drugs?

A

ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), Aldosterone antagonists.

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4
Q

What do RAAS drugs affect?

A

Vasoconstriction, sodium & water retention, and renal blood flow.

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5
Q

What is the first-line drug class for hypertension, heart failure, and nephropathy?

A

ACE inhibitors (ACEIs).

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6
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of ACE inhibitors?

A

Hypertension (HTN), heart failure, MI, diabetic/non-diabetic nephropathy, prevention of MI/stroke/death in high CV risk patients.

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7
Q

What is a common adverse effect (AE) of ACE inhibitors that often leads to discontinuation?

A

Persistent, dry cough.

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8
Q

What severe AE of ACE inhibitors is life-threatening?

A

Angioedema (swelling of mouth, tongue, lips, eyes).

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9
Q

What are other adverse effects of ACE inhibitors?

A

First-dose orthostatic hypotension, fetal injury (Cat X), hyperkalemia, rash, altered taste (dysgeusia), neutropenia.

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10
Q

Who should NOT take ACE inhibitors?

A

Pregnant patients, those with bilateral renal artery stenosis or a single kidney.

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11
Q

What drugs interact with ACE inhibitors?

A

Diuretics, antihypertensives, K+-sparing diuretics, potassium supplements, lithium, NSAIDs.

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12
Q

What is the suffix for ACE inhibitors?

A

-pril (e.g., captopril, enalapril, lisinopril).

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13
Q

When are ARBs typically used instead of ACE inhibitors?

A

If a patient cannot tolerate ACE inhibitor side effects, such as cough.

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14
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of ARBs?

A

Hypertension, heart failure, MI, diabetic nephropathy/retinopathy, prevention of MI/stroke/death in high CV risk patients.

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15
Q

What are the adverse effects of ARBs?

A

Angioedema, fetal injury (Cat X), orthostatic hypotension, dizziness.

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16
Q

Who should NOT take ARBs?

A

Pregnant patients, those with renal artery stenosis.

17
Q

What drugs interact with ARBs?

A

Antihypertensives, lithium.

18
Q

What is the suffix for ARBs?

A

-sartan (e.g., losartan, valsartan, irbesartan).

19
Q

What are the two main aldosterone antagonists?

A

Eplerenone, Spironolactone

20
Q

What suffix is common in aldosterone antagonists?

A

-renone (e.g., eplerenone).

21
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of aldosterone antagonists?

A

Hypertension, heart failure, PMS, PCOS, acne in young women, primary hyperaldosteronism.

22
Q

What electrolyte imbalance is a major concern with aldosterone antagonists?

A

Hyperkalemia, hyponatremia (switches K/Na pump).

23
Q

What are the endocrine-related adverse effects of aldosterone antagonists?

A

Menstrual irregularity, gynecomastia, voice deepening.

24
Q

What are other adverse effects of aldosterone antagonists?

A

Flu-like symptoms, dizziness, fatigue.

25
Q

Who should NOT take aldosterone antagonists?

A

Pregnant/lactating women, patients with high K+, kidney/liver disease, or T2DM with microalbuminuria.

26
Q

What drugs/substances interact with aldosterone antagonists?

A

ACE inhibitors, ARBs, K+-sparing diuretics, NSAIDs, Verapamil, lithium, salt substitutes, diuretics (hypotension risk), CYP3A4 inhibitors (grapefruit juice).

27
Q

What is the direct renin inhibitor?

A

Aliskiren (has “renin” in the name).

28
Q

What is the therapeutic use of aliskiren?

A

Hypertension.

29
Q

What are the adverse effects of aliskiren?

A

Fetal injury (Cat X), angioedema, rash, cough (low risk), hyperkalemia (low risk), diarrhea (high doses), hypotension.

30
Q

What drugs/substances interact with aliskiren?

A

High-fat meals, atorvastatin, ketoconazole, furosemide.

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