the raas drugs - Sheet1 Flashcards
What does RAAS stand for?
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System.
What triggers the RAAS system?
Low sodium levels and low blood pressure.
What are the three main classes of RAAS drugs?
ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), Aldosterone antagonists.
What do RAAS drugs affect?
Vasoconstriction, sodium & water retention, and renal blood flow.
What is the first-line drug class for hypertension, heart failure, and nephropathy?
ACE inhibitors (ACEIs).
What are the therapeutic uses of ACE inhibitors?
Hypertension (HTN), heart failure, MI, diabetic/non-diabetic nephropathy, prevention of MI/stroke/death in high CV risk patients.
What is a common adverse effect (AE) of ACE inhibitors that often leads to discontinuation?
Persistent, dry cough.
What severe AE of ACE inhibitors is life-threatening?
Angioedema (swelling of mouth, tongue, lips, eyes).
What are other adverse effects of ACE inhibitors?
First-dose orthostatic hypotension, fetal injury (Cat X), hyperkalemia, rash, altered taste (dysgeusia), neutropenia.
Who should NOT take ACE inhibitors?
Pregnant patients, those with bilateral renal artery stenosis or a single kidney.
What drugs interact with ACE inhibitors?
Diuretics, antihypertensives, K+-sparing diuretics, potassium supplements, lithium, NSAIDs.
What is the suffix for ACE inhibitors?
-pril (e.g., captopril, enalapril, lisinopril).
When are ARBs typically used instead of ACE inhibitors?
If a patient cannot tolerate ACE inhibitor side effects, such as cough.
What are the therapeutic uses of ARBs?
Hypertension, heart failure, MI, diabetic nephropathy/retinopathy, prevention of MI/stroke/death in high CV risk patients.
What are the adverse effects of ARBs?
Angioedema, fetal injury (Cat X), orthostatic hypotension, dizziness.
Who should NOT take ARBs?
Pregnant patients, those with renal artery stenosis.
What drugs interact with ARBs?
Antihypertensives, lithium.
What is the suffix for ARBs?
-sartan (e.g., losartan, valsartan, irbesartan).
What are the two main aldosterone antagonists?
Eplerenone, Spironolactone
What suffix is common in aldosterone antagonists?
-renone (e.g., eplerenone).
What are the therapeutic uses of aldosterone antagonists?
Hypertension, heart failure, PMS, PCOS, acne in young women, primary hyperaldosteronism.
What electrolyte imbalance is a major concern with aldosterone antagonists?
Hyperkalemia, hyponatremia (switches K/Na pump).
What are the endocrine-related adverse effects of aldosterone antagonists?
Menstrual irregularity, gynecomastia, voice deepening.
What are other adverse effects of aldosterone antagonists?
Flu-like symptoms, dizziness, fatigue.
