antagonists - Sheet1

Question 1

What does an alpha1 adrenergic antagonist do?

Answer 1

Decreases force of heart contraction, causes vasodilation (↓ BP), constricts pupils, increases GI secretions, and decreases bladder & prostate contraction.

Question 2

What does a beta1 adrenergic antagonist do?

Answer 2

Decreases heart rate, force of contraction, BP, and renin secretion.

Question 3

What does an alpha2 adrenergic antagonist do?

Answer 3

Increases norepinephrine release, causes vasoconstriction (↑ BP), and increases GI motility.

Question 4

What does a beta2 adrenergic antagonist do?

Answer 4

Constricts bronchioles, increases GI and uterine contraction, and increases blood sugar (glycogenolysis).

Question 5

What are examples of alpha-adrenergic antagonists?

Answer 5

Azosin, prazosin, doxazosin, terazosin, tamsulosin.

Question 6

What are alpha1 adrenergic antagonists used for?

Answer 6

Hypertension (HTN), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), pheochromocytoma, Raynaud’s disease.

Question 7

What are adverse effects of alpha1 adrenergic antagonists?

Answer 7

Orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, nasal congestion, inhibition of ejaculation, sodium retention & increased blood volume.

Question 8

What is the “First Dose” Effect of alpha1 antagonists?

Answer 8

Severe postural hypotension leading to syncope.

Question 9

How can the “First Dose” Effect be prevented?

Answer 9

Start therapy with low doses and give the first dose at bedtime.

Question 10

What are examples of cardioselective (β1) beta-blockers?

Answer 10

Metoprolol, atenolol, esmolol, bisoprolol.

Question 11

What are examples of nonselective (β1 & β2) beta-blockers?

Answer 11

Propranolol, nadolol.

Question 12

What are examples of alpha & beta blockers?

Answer 12

Carvedilol, labetalol.

Question 13

What are the effects of beta-blockers on the heart (β1)?

Answer 13

Lowers heart rate, myocardial contractility, cardiac output, and AV node conduction.

Question 14

What are the effects of beta-blockers on blood vessels (α1 blockade in some drugs)?

Answer 14

Causes vasodilation.

Question 15

What are beta-blockers used for?

Answer 15

HTN, angina, tachydysrhythmias, heart failure, MI, hyperthyroidism, migraines, pheochromocytoma, glaucoma.

Question 16

What is a key nursing consideration for beta-blockers?

Answer 16

If HR is under 50, hold the beta-blocker.

Question 17

What are adverse effects of beta1 blockade?

Answer 17

Bradycardia, reduced cardiac output, AV block, orthostatic hypotension, rebound myocardial excitation.

Question 18

What are adverse effects of beta2 blockade?

Answer 18

Bronchoconstriction, inhibition of glycogenolysis.

Question 19

Why should beta2 blockers be avoided in asthmatics?

Answer 19

They cause bronchoconstriction.

Question 20

What are key precautions for beta-blockers?

Answer 20

Pregnancy/lactation (risk of neonatal bradycardia, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia).

Question 21

In what conditions should beta-blockers NOT be used?

Answer 21

AV block, sinus bradycardia, asthma (nonselective), diabetes, bronchospasm, heart failure, depression, hypotension, myasthenia gravis, peripheral vascular disease (PVD), older adults, severe allergies.