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pharm > hypertension - Sheet1 > Flashcards

hypertension - Sheet1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is hypertension (HTN)?

A

Consistent elevation of systemic arterial blood pressure.

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2
Q

What is the formula for arterial pressure?

A

Arterial pressure = Cardiac Output + Peripheral Resistance.

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3
Q

What are some environmental factors contributing to HTN?

A

Diet, exercise, age.

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4
Q

What is primary (essential) HTN?

A

HTN with no identified cause.

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5
Q

What is secondary HTN?

A

HTN caused by another disease.

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6
Q

What are potential consequences of unmanaged HTN?

A

Stroke, heart failure, myocardial infarction (MI).

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7
Q

What are some arterial changes seen in HTN?

A

Endothelial inflammation, arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis.

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8
Q

How does HTN affect the heart?

A

Increased afterload → hypertrophy, coronary artery disease → MI, heart failure.

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9
Q

How does HTN affect the brain?

A

Increased risk of stroke.

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10
Q

How does HTN affect the kidneys?

A

Leads to kidney failure.

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11
Q

How does HTN affect the eyes?

A

Can lead to blindness.

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12
Q

What is hypertensive crisis?

A

A medical emergency requiring IV antihypertensive medications.

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13
Q

What are the potential organ damage risks in hypertensive crisis?

A

Papilledema, intracranial hemorrhage, myocardial infarction (MI), acute congestive heart failure (CHF).

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14
Q

What defines a hypertensive emergency (HTN-E)?

A

Diastolic BP (DBP) > 120 mmHg with organ damage threat; BP must be lowered rapidly (within 1 hour).

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15
Q

What defines a hypertensive urgency?

A

DBP > 120 mmHg without significant organ damage threat; BP lowered gradually over 24-48 hours.

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16
Q

What is the drug of choice for hypertensive crisis?

A

Sodium nitroprusside.

17
Q

What other medications are used in hypertensive crisis?

A

Vasodilators: Nitroglycerin, Hydralazine; Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs): Nicardipine, Clevidipine; ACE Inhibitor (ACEI): Enalaprilat; Beta Blockers (BBs): Esmolol, Labetalol.

18
Q

What medications are contraindicated in pregnancy-related HTN?

A

ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), Direct renin inhibitors (DRIs).

19
Q

What defines preeclampsia & eclampsia?

A

Preeclampsia: BP > 140/90 mmHg + proteinuria (>300 mg in 24 hr) after 20 weeks gestation. Eclampsia: Preeclampsia + seizures.

20
Q

How is mild preeclampsia managed?

A

Early: Bed rest/hospitalization, antihypertensives, antiseizure meds. Late: Induce labor.

21
Q

How is severe preeclampsia/eclampsia managed?

A

Hospitalization, antihypertensives, antiseizure meds, corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate (for seizure prevention).

22
Q

What are the preferred antihypertensives in pregnancy?

A

Labetalol (BB), Nifedipine (CCB), Methyldopa (Alpha2 agonist), Hydralazine (vasodilator).

pharm (18 decks)

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