metronidazole and misc - Sheet1 Flashcards
What type of drug is Metronidazole?
Bactericidal
What infections does Metronidazole treat?
Protozoal infections, obligate anaerobes
What is Metronidazole used for in surgery?
Surgical prophylaxis for vaginal, abdominal, and colorectal procedures
What are the adverse effects of Metronidazole?
GI issues (N/V, dry mouth, metallic taste), Darkening of urine, CNS effects (dizziness, headache, seizures, peripheral neuropathy, aseptic meningitis, encephalopathy)
Who should use caution when taking Metronidazole?
Pregnant/lactating individuals, those with blood dyscrasias, renal/hepatic impairment, seizures, neurological problems
Why should alcohol be avoided with Metronidazole?
Causes a disulfiram-like reaction
What drugs does Metronidazole inhibit the metabolism of?
Warfarin, Phenytoin, Lithium
How does Metronidazole affect contraception?
Inhibits hormonal contraceptive efficacy
What is Bacitracin used for?
Topical treatment of bacterial infections
Why is Bacitracin not used systemically?
Causes serious toxicity
What is Polymyxin B used for?
Topical treatment for ears, eyes, and skin
How is Polymyxin B usually administered for skin infections?
In combination with other treatments
Why is Polymyxin B not used systemically?
High toxicity risk
What is Rifaximin used to treat?
Traveler’s diarrhea, hepatic encephalopathy, IBS-D
What are the adverse effects of Rifaximin?
Nausea, flatulence, defecation urgency
What is Fidaxomicin indicated for?
C. difficile-associated diarrhea
What is Daptomycin used for?
Bloodstream S. aureus infections, skin & skin-structure infections
What type of bacteria does Daptomycin target?
Gram-positive, including MRSA
What are the adverse effects of Daptomycin?
Possible muscle injury, constipation, N/V/D, headache, insomnia, rash, injection site reactions
How is Daptomycin administered?
Once daily IV
Does Daptomycin require lab monitoring?
No significant labs needed
Does Daptomycin have significant drug interactions?
No significant interactions
