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Principles of disease > Tumour Pathology > Flashcards

Tumour Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is Hyperplasia

A

increase in size of organ due to increase in number of cells

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2
Q

What is Hypertorphy

A

Increase in size of cells

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3
Q

What is atrophy

A

Decrease in number/size of cells

Physiological/Pathological

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4
Q

What is metaplasia

A

complete transformation of one differentiated cell type into a different differentiated cell type

e.g. Squamous to glandular (oesophagus), glandular to squamous (cervix); columnar to squamous (respiratory)

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5
Q

What is a tumour

A

Swelling of any sort, usually refers to neoplasm

Benign
Malignant
(Inflammatory)

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6
Q

What is a neoplasm?

A

abnormal growing mass of tissue (tumour)

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7
Q

What are the types of tumour?

A

Benign - neoplasm does not invade adjacent tissue or metastasise
Malignant - cancer

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8
Q

What does metastasise mean?

A

ability of cancer to spread
invade adjacent tissue and grow at other sites within body

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9
Q

What are two factors important in causation of cancers?

A

Environmental - diet, obesity, exercise, alcohol, smoking
Genetic - chances increase with age

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10
Q

Why is it important to classify tumours?

A

Understanding tumour behaviour, prognosis and selected therapy

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11
Q

How are tumours classified

A

Tissue of origin (epithelium, connective tissue,blood, lymphoid tissue, neural tissue, germ cells ….)
Benign vs Malignant

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12
Q

What are the two types of epithelium that can host cancer?

A

Glandular and squamous

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13
Q

What is carcinoma

A

epithelium malignant tumour

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14
Q

What is sarcoma

A

malignant tumour in CT

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15
Q

What are the other types of malignant tumours

A

Leukaemia – white blood cells
Lymphoma – lymphoid cells
Others – Glioma, myeloma, seminoma, melanoma

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16
Q

What is the name for a benign and malignant squamous epithelium tumour?

A

Benign - Squamous Papilloma
Malignant - Squamous Carcinoma

17
Q

What are tumours of the Central nervous system called?

A

Astrocytoma - benign and malignant tumours concepts don’t exist in CNS - limited space that tumours don’t escape out of

18
Q

What are the features of benign tumours

A

Non-invasive growth pattern, usually encapsulates, no evidence of invasion, no metastases
Cells look similar to normal, well-differentiated
Function similar to normal tissue (if normal function os similar)
Rarely causes death

19
Q

What are the features of malignant tumours?

A

Invasive growth pattern
No capsule, breached by tumour cells
Often evidence of cancer spread
Cells look abnormal
Cancers are poorly differentiated
Loss of normal function
Frequently cause death

20
Q

Summary

A

Principles of disease (47 decks)

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