Acute Inflammation Flashcards
What are the signs of inflammation?
Rubor - redness
Calor - heat
Tumour - swelling
Dolor - pain
Loss of function
What are the causes of inflammation?
Micro-organisms
Trauma
Chemical
Physical - extreme conditions (heat, cold, radiation)
Necrosis (dead tissue irritates adjacent tissue)
Hypersensitivity
What is the microcirculation?
Capillary beds (arterioles and venules)
Extracellular space including fluid molecules
Lymphatic channels and drainage
What is oncotic pressure / colloid osmotic pressure?
Pressure exerted by proteins in blood vessel plasma
What is hydrostatic pressure?
Pressure exerted by a fluid
What controls movement of fluid across membranes?
Starling forces
What are the three stages of inflammation pathogenesis?
Change in vessel radius
Change in vessel wall permeability
Neutrophils movement from vessel to extravascular space
What are the local changes in vessel radius in the Triple response?
Transient arteriolar constriction
Local arteriolar dilation
Relaxation of smooth muscle
What does the increased blood flow result in?
Heat - Calor
Redness - Rubor
Where does increased permeability occur?
Microvascular bed
What is exudation?
Plasma movement from capillary to EVS
What is exudate?
Leaked Fluid - rich in plasma proteins (immunoglobulin/fibrinogen)
What are the results of exudation?
Oedema is formed - accumulation of fluid in extravascular space
swelling - pain - reduced function
What effect does exudation have on the blood viscosity?
Increased viscosity - decreases rate of blood flow - stasis
Describe the structure of blood flow in inflammation
RBC’s aggregate in centre of lumen, neutrophils found near endothelium
