Gram Positive Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

What type of bacteria is bacilli anthracis?

A

Aerobic and large

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2
Q

What are Group D streptococci re-classified as?

A

Enterococcus spp, Enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium Often non-haemolytic Found in the gut as normal commensal Cause of urinary tract infection

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3
Q

What does streptococcus pneumoniae cause?

A

Pneumonia, meningitis, septicaemia

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4
Q

What is used to differentiate between the different forms of staphylococci?

A

Coagulase test

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5
Q

What are the large aerobic bacilli?

A

Bacillus cerus - food poisoning Bacillus anthracis

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6
Q

What is responsible for diptheria?

A

Corynebacterium diptheriae Small aerobic bacilli

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7
Q

What does C. diff cause?

A

diarrhoea

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8
Q

What type of organism is Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Alpha haemolytic streptococcui

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9
Q

What are the further divisions of beta haemolytic streptococci?

A

Identified further by lancefield groupings - based on surface antigens Groups A-G ABD clinically most important

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10
Q

What does clostridium tetani produce?

A

Toxins which cause tetanus uncontrolled muscle spasm - loss of inhibition at neuromuscluar junction

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11
Q

What small aerobic bacilli is responsible for meningitis?

A

Listeria Monocytogenes

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12
Q

How do most bacteria reproduce?

A

Binary Fission

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13
Q

Give an example of group B streptococci

A

Streptococcus agalactiae Causes neonatal sepsis Meningitis Bacteraemia

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14
Q

What are the three types of streptococci?

A

Alpha haemolytic - partial haemolysis (turns blood agar green) Beta haemolytic - Complete haemolysis (turns blood agar clear) Non- haemolytic

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15
Q

What is the source of botox?

A

Clostridium botulinum

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16
Q

What can Clostridium perfringes cause?

A

Can contaminate food - food poisoning Infects serious wounds and causes gas gangrene

17
Q

Where can you find Clostridium perfringens?

A

In the soil and normal commensal in human and animal gut/faeces

18
Q

What does viridians streptococci cause?

Aplha Haemolytic

A

Infective endocarditis - Infection of the heart valves Normal in oral flora

19
Q

What is the cause of anthrax?

A

Bacillus anthracis

20
Q

What strains of anaerobic cocci exist?

A

Anaerobic streptococci

21
Q

How does clostridium difficile spread?

A

In hospitals via spores

22
Q

Which form of gram positive bacteria form clusters?

A

Staphylococci

23
Q

Give an example of a staphylococci - coagulase positive bacteria and describe its effect

A

Staphylococcus aureus - commensal in nose Major pathogen Causes boils, soft tissue infections, septicaemia and food poisoning

24
Q

What type of commensals are coagulase negative staphylococcus bacteria?

A

Skin commensals Staph epidermis

25
Q

Give an example of a group A streptococci beta haemolytic

A

Streptococcus pyogens Major pathogen Sore throats, cellulitis, necrotising fasciitis

26
Q

Which strain of staphylococcus aureus poses a major risk for infection prevention and control?

A

MRSA, methicilin resistant

27
Q

Why is staphylococcus aureus commonly penicillin resistant?

A

They produce beta lactamse - provides antibiotic resistance to antibiotics with a four atom ring known as a beta lactam

28
Q

What type of organism is C.Diff?

A

Anaerobic Bacilli

29
Q

When can coagulase negative staphylococcus bacteria become pathogenic?

A

In the presence of foreign bodies (prosthesis)?

30
Q

Which form of gram positive bacteria form chains?

A

Streptococci

31
Q

What is used for immunisation against Clostridium tetani?

A

Antigenically modified toxin