Gram Positive Bacteria Flashcards
What type of bacteria is bacilli anthracis?
Aerobic and large
What are Group D streptococci re-classified as?
Enterococcus spp, Enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium Often non-haemolytic Found in the gut as normal commensal Cause of urinary tract infection
What does streptococcus pneumoniae cause?
Pneumonia, meningitis, septicaemia
What is used to differentiate between the different forms of staphylococci?
Coagulase test
What are the large aerobic bacilli?
Bacillus cerus - food poisoning Bacillus anthracis
What is responsible for diptheria?
Corynebacterium diptheriae Small aerobic bacilli
What does C. diff cause?
diarrhoea
What type of organism is Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Alpha haemolytic streptococcui
What are the further divisions of beta haemolytic streptococci?
Identified further by lancefield groupings - based on surface antigens Groups A-G ABD clinically most important
What does clostridium tetani produce?
Toxins which cause tetanus uncontrolled muscle spasm - loss of inhibition at neuromuscluar junction
What small aerobic bacilli is responsible for meningitis?
Listeria Monocytogenes
How do most bacteria reproduce?
Binary Fission
Give an example of group B streptococci
Streptococcus agalactiae Causes neonatal sepsis Meningitis Bacteraemia
What are the three types of streptococci?
Alpha haemolytic - partial haemolysis (turns blood agar green) Beta haemolytic - Complete haemolysis (turns blood agar clear) Non- haemolytic
What is the source of botox?
Clostridium botulinum
What can Clostridium perfringes cause?
Can contaminate food - food poisoning Infects serious wounds and causes gas gangrene
Where can you find Clostridium perfringens?
In the soil and normal commensal in human and animal gut/faeces
What does viridians streptococci cause?
Aplha Haemolytic
Infective endocarditis - Infection of the heart valves Normal in oral flora
What is the cause of anthrax?
Bacillus anthracis
What strains of anaerobic cocci exist?
Anaerobic streptococci
How does clostridium difficile spread?
In hospitals via spores
Which form of gram positive bacteria form clusters?
Staphylococci
Give an example of a staphylococci - coagulase positive bacteria and describe its effect
Staphylococcus aureus - commensal in nose Major pathogen Causes boils, soft tissue infections, septicaemia and food poisoning
What type of commensals are coagulase negative staphylococcus bacteria?
Skin commensals Staph epidermis
Give an example of a group A streptococci beta haemolytic
Streptococcus pyogens Major pathogen Sore throats, cellulitis, necrotising fasciitis
Which strain of staphylococcus aureus poses a major risk for infection prevention and control?
MRSA, methicilin resistant
Why is staphylococcus aureus commonly penicillin resistant?
They produce beta lactamse - provides antibiotic resistance to antibiotics with a four atom ring known as a beta lactam
What type of organism is C.Diff?
Anaerobic Bacilli
When can coagulase negative staphylococcus bacteria become pathogenic?
In the presence of foreign bodies (prosthesis)?
Which form of gram positive bacteria form chains?
Streptococci
What is used for immunisation against Clostridium tetani?
Antigenically modified toxin
