Gram Positive Bacteria

Question 1

What type of bacteria is bacilli anthracis?

Answer 1

Aerobic and large

Question 2

What are Group D streptococci re-classified as?

Answer 2

Enterococcus spp, Enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium Often non-haemolytic Found in the gut as normal commensal Cause of urinary tract infection

Question 3

What does streptococcus pneumoniae cause?

Answer 3

Pneumonia, meningitis, septicaemia

Question 4

What is used to differentiate between the different forms of staphylococci?

Answer 4

Coagulase test

Question 5

What are the large aerobic bacilli?

Answer 5

Bacillus cerus - food poisoning Bacillus anthracis

Question 6

What is responsible for diptheria?

Answer 6

Corynebacterium diptheriae Small aerobic bacilli

Question 7

What does C. diff cause?

Answer 7

diarrhoea

Question 8

What type of organism is Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Answer 8

Alpha haemolytic streptococcui

Question 9

What are the further divisions of beta haemolytic streptococci?

Answer 9

Identified further by lancefield groupings - based on surface antigens Groups A-G ABD clinically most important

Question 10

What does clostridium tetani produce?

Answer 10

Toxins which cause tetanus uncontrolled muscle spasm - loss of inhibition at neuromuscluar junction

Question 11

What small aerobic bacilli is responsible for meningitis?

Answer 11

Listeria Monocytogenes

Question 12

How do most bacteria reproduce?

Answer 12

Binary Fission

Question 13

Give an example of group B streptococci

Answer 13

Streptococcus agalactiae Causes neonatal sepsis Meningitis Bacteraemia

Question 14

What are the three types of streptococci?

Answer 14

Alpha haemolytic - partial haemolysis (turns blood agar green) Beta haemolytic - Complete haemolysis (turns blood agar clear) Non- haemolytic

Question 15

What is the source of botox?

Answer 15

Clostridium botulinum

Question 16

What can Clostridium perfringes cause?

Answer 16

Can contaminate food - food poisoning Infects serious wounds and causes gas gangrene

Question 17

Where can you find Clostridium perfringens?

Answer 17

In the soil and normal commensal in human and animal gut/faeces

Question 18

What does viridians streptococci cause?

Aplha Haemolytic

Answer 18

Infective endocarditis - Infection of the heart valves Normal in oral flora

Question 19

What is the cause of anthrax?

Answer 19

Bacillus anthracis

Question 20

What strains of anaerobic cocci exist?

Answer 20

Anaerobic streptococci

Question 21

How does clostridium difficile spread?

Answer 21

In hospitals via spores

Question 22

Which form of gram positive bacteria form clusters?

Answer 22

Staphylococci

Question 23

Give an example of a staphylococci - coagulase positive bacteria and describe its effect

Answer 23

Staphylococcus aureus - commensal in nose Major pathogen Causes boils, soft tissue infections, septicaemia and food poisoning

Question 24

What type of commensals are coagulase negative staphylococcus bacteria?

Answer 24

Skin commensals Staph epidermis

Question 25

Give an example of a group A streptococci beta haemolytic

Answer 25

Streptococcus pyogens Major pathogen Sore throats, cellulitis, necrotising fasciitis

Question 26

Which strain of staphylococcus aureus poses a major risk for infection prevention and control?

Answer 26

MRSA, methicilin resistant

Question 27

Why is staphylococcus aureus commonly penicillin resistant?

Answer 27

They produce beta lactamse - provides antibiotic resistance to antibiotics with a four atom ring known as a beta lactam

Question 28

What type of organism is C.Diff?

Answer 28

Anaerobic Bacilli

Question 29

When can coagulase negative staphylococcus bacteria become pathogenic?

Answer 29

In the presence of foreign bodies (prosthesis)?

Question 30

Which form of gram positive bacteria form chains?

Answer 30

Streptococci

Question 31

What is used for immunisation against Clostridium tetani?

Answer 31

Antigenically modified toxin