Pathogens and Host - Immunity Flashcards
What type of phagocytic cell is acute - short lived?
Polymorphs
What type of phagocytic cell is chronic - long lived?
Macrophages
Where can you find fixed macrophages?
Liver, spleen, lymph nodes
What are the three types of polymorphs?
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
What type of organisms are resistant to intracellular killing?
Capsulate organisms
(Bacteria with polysaccharide capsule/coating)
The spleen clears the blood, what does the liver clear?
Entero-hepatic circulation
(Involving intestine/liver, circulation of bile salts)
What receptors do phagocytes have
Antibody receptors
Complement Receptors
Both used in opsonisation
What immunoglobulin is responsible for the primary response?
IgM
What immunoglobulin is responsible for the secondary response?
IgG
What immunoglobulin is responsible for mucosal activity?
IgA
What immunoglobulin is responsible for allergic response?
IgE
What is an immunoglobulin?
A protein with antibody activity
What is another word for effector B cells that produce antibodies?
Plasma Cells
What is the effect of the activation of the helper T cell on the B cell?
Causes B cell to differentiate into memory and effector B cells (plasma cells)
What triggers compliment?
Antibody - IgG or IgM only and its specific antigen
How are antobodies useful in fighting an infection?
Neutralises:
Bacterial toxins (tetanus),
Viruses in viremia stage
Prevents adherence of microorganisms
Opsonises capsulate organisms
Useful means of diagnosis
What type of organism can compliment lyse?
Gram negative organisms
How can complement attract polymorphs?
Complement cascade by-products are chemotactic
What are the different aspects of humoral immunity?
Mediated by macromolecules found in ECF
Includes antibodies and compliment
Usually responds to bacterial infection
Causes inflammation
How do macrophages stimulate T cells?
They are antigen presenting cells
Which T cells are responsible for cytokine release?
Helper T cells
What do CD4 Th2 cells control?
B cell antibody response
Give an example of a bacteria that is capable of resisting intracellular killing
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
