Chronic Inflammation 1 Flashcards
What is the definition of chronic inflammation?
Inflammation with high lymphocytes, Plasma cells, Macrophages
Tissue/organ damage, (necrosis) loss of function
Healing and repair - Granulation tissue, scarring and fibrosis
May follow from acute inflammation
Primary pathology (straight to chronic)
Long term
What are the clinical presentations of chronic inflammation?
Malaise and weight loss - system effect (tuberculosis)
Loss of function - functional gland destruction (autoimmune thyroiditis)
GI tract ulceration and fibrosis - pain, diarrhoea, gut obstruction (Crohns disease)
Cutaneous nerve destruction - loss of sensation (Leprosy)
When do we see chronic inflammation?
Acute inflammation with large amount of damage, poor removal of debris, failure to resolve
Primary lesion
What is characteristic or organisation in acute inflammation?
Granulation tissue - healing and repair, leads to fibrosis and formation of scar
What is the granulation tissue mechanism?
Capillaries grow into inflammatory mass
Access to plasma proteins
Macrophages from blood and tissue
Fibroblasts lay down collagen to repair damaged tissue
Collagen replaces inflammatory exudate
What is the function of granulation?
Patches tissue defects
Replaces dead or necrotic tissue
Contracts and pulls together
What are the products of granulation tissue?
Fibrous tissue - scar
Fibrosis problem (adhesion between loops of bowel following peritonitis) can progress to chronic inflammation
What is the most likely cause of primary chronic inflammation?
Autoimmune disease
How does Autoimmune disease result in chronic inflammation?
Autoantibodies directed against autoantigens
Damage/destroy organs, tissues, cells, cell components
What types of cells does primary chronic inflammation use?
lymphocytes
plasma cells
macrophages
myofibroblasts
What are the other common methods of triggering a chronic inflammatory response?
Material resistant to digestion
Exogenous substances not easily phagocytosed
Granulomatous inflammation
What can macrophages be referred to as
monocyte
histiocyte
activated macrophage
epithelioid cell
giant cell
What are fibroblasts?
Motile cells
Metabollically active
Produce structural proteins, including collagens
What is the outcome of chronic inflammation?
Ongoing tissue damage and destruction
Insidious loss of function
Granulation tissue, angiogenesis
Scarring and fibrosis
Granuloma formation
