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Principles of disease > Gram Negative Bacteria > Flashcards

Gram Negative Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Does salmonella ferment lactose?

A

NO

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2
Q

What type of organisms is pseudomonas?

A

Strict aerobic bacilli water and soil organisms

Contaminates medical equipment

Hospital acquired cause of sepsis: pneumonia, UTI Respiratory infection in cystic fibrosis

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3
Q

What causes tuberculosis?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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4
Q

What is the test for syphilis?

A

Serology, nucleic amplification tests

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5
Q

What type of organism is E.Coli?

A

Coliform - large gram negative aerobic bacilli

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6
Q

What are the strains of chlamydia that cause respiratory infection?

A

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Chlamydophila psittaci - contact with birds

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7
Q

Name a microaerophilic spiral bacilli

A

Helicobacter pylori - natural habitat is human stomach - damages mucosa and causes ulcers

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8
Q

What causes leprosy?

A

Mycobacterium leprae

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9
Q

What is the ZN stain used for?

A

Mycobacterium species

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10
Q

What family do Coliforms belong in?

A

Enterobacteriaceae Inhabitants of the gut

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11
Q

What strain of chlamydia is responsible for the Ophthalmic and genital tract infection?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis - trachoma (tropical eye infections) Can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility

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12
Q

What does salmonella cause?

A

Enterocollitis, with or without bloody diarrhoea

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13
Q

What does typhoid cause?

A

Fever and constipation

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14
Q

What are the sub divisions of gram negative aerobic bacilli?

A

Large (coliforms)

Small

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15
Q

What type of organism is salmonella?

A

Gut pathogen Coliform

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16
Q

What type of bacteria is chlamydia?

A

Obligate intracellular bacteria

17
Q

Give an example of a spirochaetes

A

Treponem pallidum - syphilis

Borrelia burgdorferi - lymes disease

18
Q

What does Moraxella Catarrhalis cause?

A

Respiratory tract infections

19
Q

What are the virulence mechanisms of Escherichia coli?

A

pili, capsule, endotoxin and exotoxins produced

20
Q

What does microaerophilic mean?

A

Requires little free oxygen

21
Q

What are the important anaerobes? (BACILLI)

A

Bacteriodes Fragilis - normal colonic flora

Causes intra-abdominal abscess

22
Q

Define congenital

A

Present from birth

23
Q

What are the gram negative bacilli other than coliforms?

A

Bordetella pertusis - whooping cough

Haemophilus infuenzae - cocco bacilli (mixed appearance) respiratory tract infection - capsulate form formerly an important cause of meningitis

24
Q

What is meant by miscellaneous bacteria

A

Can’t be stained with gram stains

Can’t be cultured under standard methods Mycobacterium Spirochaetes Chlamydia

25
Q

What is the test for gram negative bacilli?

A

Lactose fermentation

26
Q

Name a curved microaerophilic gram negative bacilli

A

Campylobacter - commonest cause of bacterial diarrhoea in the UK

27
Q

How is diagnosis of chlamydia achieved?

A

Nucleic acids amplification tests

28
Q

What are the stages of lymes disease?

A
  1. Skin rash
  2. Systemic illness - cardiac or neurological and musculoskeletal symptoms
  3. Chronic disease - skin, nervous system or joint abnormalities
29
Q

What are the forms of Neisseria spp that are of clinical significance?

A

Neisseria Meningitidis - meningitis and septicaemia

Neisseria ghonorrhoeae - urethritis in men - pelvic inflammatory disease

30
Q

What are the stages of syphilis?

A

Primary - Non-painful skin legions

Secondary - Systemic illness and rash

Latent - symptomatic episodes may occur

Tertiary - central nervous system Congenital - stillbirth, neonatal death or disease

31
Q

What type of bacteria are Neisseria spp and Moraxella catarrhalis?

A

Aerobic gram negative cocci

32
Q

Does E Coli ferment lactose?

A

Yes

33
Q

What is used to detect spirochaetes?

A

Dark ground microscopy or immunofluorescence - Often diagnosed by serology

34
Q

What is the cause of typhoid fever?

A

Salmonella typhi

35
Q

What other commensals of the gut exist? (apart from E.Coli)

A

Klebsiella - UTI and pneumonia

Proteus spp - UTI

36
Q

Name an oral anaerobe

A

Prevotella - cause of dental abscess (pus that forms in the teeth and gums), aspiration pneumonia, human and animal bite infections.

37
Q

Name another gut pathogen that isn’t salmonella or E.Coli

A

Shigella - diarrhoea, dysentery

38
Q

What is the infection usually associated with Ecoli?

A

Urinary tract infection

Enterotoxogenic E.Coli - commonest cause of travellers diarrhoea

Enterohaemorrhagic E.coli - Bloody diarrhoea Haemolytic uraemic syndrome

Principles of disease (47 decks)

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