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Principles of disease > Introduction to Medical Microbiology > Flashcards

Introduction to Medical Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 possible infecting agents?

A

Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Parasites
Prions

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2
Q

What is the specimen collection for a urinary tract infection?

A

Mid stream urine

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3
Q

What is the specimen collection for a chest infection?

A

sputum

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4
Q

What is the specimen collection for tonsillitis/pharyngitis

A

Throat swab

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5
Q

What is the specimen collection for the site of infection or a wound?

A

Swab or pus

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6
Q

What is the specimen collection for diarrhoea?

A

Faeces

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7
Q

What is the specimen collection for bacteraemia?

A

Blood culture

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8
Q

What is the specimen collection for meningitis?

A

CSF

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9
Q

What does unstained microscopy allow you to see?

A

Pus cells (urine, CSF)
Parasites (faeces)

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10
Q

What does a gram stain allow you to see in microscopy?

A

If Bacteria present - gram -positive/negative
Presence of fungi and yeast

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11
Q

What does a ZN stain or an auramine stain allow you to see?

A

Mycobacteria (includes causative agents of leprosy and tuberculosis)

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12
Q

What infecting agent is not visible in light microscope?

A

Viruses

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13
Q

What is the difference in the function between gram stain microscopy and culture?

A

Microscopy - rapid, insensitive, can’t identify particular species

Culture - slower, more sensitive, conditions are suitable for expected species

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14
Q

How is the species identified?

A

Observable characters - Morphological, physiological, biochemical

DNA tests

Typing - determines strain within species

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15
Q

What are the sterile sites within the body?

A

CSF
Blood
Heart
Liver
Kidney
Bladder

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16
Q

What are the non-sterile sites in the body?

A

Skin
Nasopharynx
Urethra
Gut
lung

17
Q

How are viral infections diagnosed?

A

Electron microscopy
Cell or tissue culture
Antigen detection
Detection of cytopathic effect
(structural changes in host cells caused by viral invasion)
Real time/multiplex PCR
Serology, determine immunity

(investigation of blood serum with regard to the response to an introduced pathogen or introduced substance)

18
Q

What are the three different types of parasites?

A

Protozoa - malaria
Helminths (worms)
Arthropods - lice

19
Q

How can parasites be diagnosed?

A

Microscopy of different stages - parasites, cysts and ova
blood films for malaria
Culture rarely possible
Serology is useful

20
Q

Give some examples of healthcare acquired infection

A

Methicillin resistant Staph Aureus - MRSA
Clostridium difficile
Noroviruses
ESBL’s - Organisms with extended spectrum beta lactamases (give resistance to beta lactam bacteria)

Principles of disease (47 decks)

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