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MSAK-1 > Trunk muscles > Flashcards

Trunk muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What muscle is situated on the lateral and anterior parts of the abdomen?

A

external abdominal oblique

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2
Q

What is the largest and most superficial of the 3 flat muscles?

A

external abdominal oblique

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3
Q

What is the origin of the external abdominal oblique

A

anterior iliac crest, public bone, linea alba

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4
Q

What is the insertion of the external abdominal oblique

A

lower 8 ribs

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5
Q

The upper and middle fibres of external abdominal oblique are directed __________ and ________ and ends in an ______________

A

The upper and middle fibres of external abdominal oblique are directed DOWNWARD and FORWARD and ends in an APONEUROSIS

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6
Q

Describe the aponeurosis of the external oblique

A

thin and strong membrane structure joined with that of the opposite muscle along the midline

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7
Q

What are the functions of the external oblique

A

-lateral flexion of trunk @ spinal joints, contralateral rotation of the trunk @ spinal joints, flexion of trunk @ spinal joints, posterior pelvic tilt, compresses abdominal contents

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8
Q

What is the innervation of the external oblique

A

intercostal nerves (T7-T12 + L1)

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9
Q

True or false: the internal abdominal oblique is thicker and larger than the external oblique

A

false: thinner and smaller than external oblique

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10
Q

What muscle is deep to the external oblique

A

internal oblique

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11
Q

What shape is the internal oblique

A

irregularity quadlateral form

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12
Q

Where is the internal oblique situated

A

at lateral and anterior parts of abdomen

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13
Q

What is the origin of the internal oblique?

A

inguinal ligament, anterior portion of iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia

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14
Q

What is the insertion of the internal oblique

A

linea alba, lower 3 ribs

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15
Q

What are the functions of the internal oblique

A

lateral flexion of trunk @ spinal joints, ispilateral flexion of trunk @ spinal joints, flexion of trunk @ spinal joints, posterior pelvic tilt, compression of abdominal contents

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16
Q

What is the most internal of the 3 flat muscles?

A

transversus abdominis

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17
Q

What muscle lies directly deep to internal oblique

A

transversus abdominis

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18
Q

What nerve innervates the internal oblique

A

intercostal nerves T7-T12 + L1

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19
Q

What is the origin of the transversus abdominis?

A

inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, cartilages of lower 6 ribs

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20
Q

What is the insertion of the transversus abdominis

A

linea alba

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21
Q

What are the functions of the transversus abdominis

A

compression abdominal contents

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22
Q

What is the innervation of the transversus abdominis

A

intercostal nerves of T7-T12 + L1

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23
Q

What is the long and flat muscles that extends along the whole length of the front of the abdomen?

A

rectus abdominis

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24
Q

What separates the R rectus abdominis from the L?

A

linea alba

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25
Q

What is the origin of the rectus abdominis

A

pubic crest, symphysis pubis

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26
Q

What is the insertion of the rectus abominis

A

xiphoid process, cartilages of ribs 5-7

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27
Q

What are tendinous intersections?

A

the rectus abdominis being crossed by fibrous bands, three in number

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28
Q

What encloses the rectus abdominis

A

rectus sheath

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29
Q

What are the functions of the rectus abdominis

A

flexion of trunk @ spinal joints, posterior pelvic tilt, compresses abdominal contents

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30
Q

What is the innervation of the rectus abdominis

A

intercostal nerves T5- T12

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31
Q

What are the two major groups of muscles in the back?

A

extrinsic back muscles and intrinsic back muscles

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32
Q

The extrinsic back muscles are divided into what sub groups?

A

superficial and intermediate

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33
Q

The intrinsic back muscles are divided into what subgroups?

A

superficial, intermediate, deep, and segmental

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34
Q

What group of muscles is related to and involved in movements of the upper limbs?

A

superficial extrinsic back muscles

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35
Q

What muscles are included in the superficial extrinsic back muscles?

A

trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboids

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36
Q

What muscle group of attached to the ribs and may serve a respiratory function?

A

intermediate extrinsic back muscles

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37
Q

What muscles are included in the intermediate extrinsic back muscles?

A

serratus posterior superior, serratus posterior inferior

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38
Q

What nerve innervates the extrinsic back muscles?

A

anterior (ventral) rami of spinal nerves (except trapezius)

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39
Q

What are the functions of the intrinsic back muscles?

A

specifically act on Vc producing its movements and maintaining posture

40
Q

Intrinsic back muscles extend from ______ to ________

A

from pelvis to skull

41
Q

What nerve(s) innervate the intrinsic back muscles?

A

posterior (dorsal) rami of spinal nerves at the corresponding level

42
Q

What muscles lie on the lateral and posterior aspects of neck, covering the vertical muscles like a bandage?

A

superficial layer of intrinsic back muscles

43
Q

What muscles are included in the superficial layer of intrinsic back muscles?

A

splenius cervicis and capitis

44
Q

What are the functions of the muscles in the superficial layer of the intrinsic back muscles?

A

extensors, lateral flexors, and rotators and head and neck

45
Q

What group of muscles lie in the laminar groove?

A

intermediate layer of intrinsic back muscles

46
Q

What muscles are included in the intermediate layer of intrinsic back muscles

A

erector spinae

47
Q

What are the functions of the intermediate later of the intrinsic back muscles?

A

extensors, lateral flexors, and rotatores of the , trunk, head or neck

48
Q

What group of muscles lie deep to erector spinae

A

deep layer of intrinsic back muscles

49
Q

What muscles are included in the deep layer of intrinsic back muscles

A

semispinalis, multifudus, rotatores

50
Q

What muscles are included in the transversospinalis group

A

semi spinalis, multifidus, rotatores

51
Q

What group of muscles are the smallest deep back muscles

52
Q

What muscles are included in the segmental muscles?

A

interspinalis, intertransversii, levatores costarum

53
Q

What muscles are mostly absent in the thoracic region?

A

interspinalis and intertransversii

54
Q

What is the largest group of the intrinsic back muscles?

A

erector spinae

55
Q

Where do the erector spinae muscle lie?

A

postero-laterally to VC between SP medially and angles of ribs laterally

56
Q

The erector spinae divides upper lumbar region into _________ vertical columns of muscle

A

The erector spinae divides upper lumbar region into THREE vertical columns of muscle

57
Q

What muscles are included in the erector spinae?

A

iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

58
Q

What is the most laterallly placed column of the erector spinae

A

Iliocostalis

59
Q

what is the intermediate column of erector spinae?

A

longissimus

60
Q

what is the medial muscle column of the erector spinae

61
Q

How is the iliocostalis subdivided regionally

A

Lumborum, thoracic, cervicis

62
Q

How is the longissimus group subdivided regionally?

A

thoracis, cervicis, capitis

63
Q

How is the spinalis muscle group further subdivided regionally?

A

thoracis, cervicis, capitis

64
Q

What muscle group of the erector spinae is most constant in thoracic region?

65
Q

what muscle is associated with the semispinalis capitis as the erector spinae group approaches the skull

66
Q

what muscle group is the primary extensor of the vertebral column and the head

A

erector spinae

67
Q

how does the erector spinae participate in controlling vertebral column flexion?

A

by contracting and relaxing in a coordinated fashion

68
Q

What is the origin of the erector spinae

A

thoracolumbar fascia to posterior sacrum, iliac crest, SP T11-S5

69
Q

What is the insertion of the erector spinae?

A

posterior ribs, spinous process and transverse process of thoracic and cervical regions, mastoid process (only longissimus)

70
Q

what are the functions of the erector spinae?

A

extension of trunk @ spinal joints, lateral flexion of trunk @ spinal joints, ispilateral rotation of trunk @ spinal joints, anterior pelvic tilt

71
Q

what is the innervation of the erector spinae?

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves of the corresponding level

72
Q

The iliocostalis attaches from where to where

A

ilium to ribs

73
Q

what sub group of the erector spinae partially sits under the scapula?

A

iliocostalis

74
Q

what sub group of the erector spinae is the only one inserting into the skull

A

longissimus

75
Q

what is the longest subgroup of the erector spinae?

A

longissimus

76
Q

what portion of the spinalis group is often considered to be part of the semispinalis capitis muscle

77
Q

what direction does the muscle fibres of the transversospinalis muscles run?

A

run obliquely upward and medially from transverse processes to spinous processes filling the groove between these two vertebral projections

78
Q

is the transversospinalis muscles deep or superficial to the erector spinae group

79
Q

what are the sub groups of the transversospinalis muscles?

A

semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores

80
Q

What is the most superficial collection of muscle fibres of the transversospinalis muscles

A

semispinalis

81
Q

What subgroup of the transversospinalis muscles begin in the lower thoracic region and end by attaching to the skull?

A

semispinalis

82
Q

what group of muscles are deep to the semispinalis

A

multifidus

83
Q

what muscles present throughout the length of the vertebral column?

A

multifidus and rotatores

84
Q

what sub group of the transversospinalis muscles are best developed in the lumbar region

A

multifidus

85
Q

What subgroup of the transversospinalis muscles are best developed in the thoracic region

86
Q

are segmental muscles deep or superficial

A

deeply placed in back

87
Q

What innervates segmental muscles?

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

88
Q

what are the sub groups of the segmental muscles

A

levator costarum, interspinalis, intertransversii

89
Q

contraction of what segmental muscles elevate the ribs

A

levator costarum

90
Q

What group of the segmental muscles are considered true segmental muscles?

A

interspinalis, intertransversii

91
Q

What are the functions of the interspinalis and intertransverii muscles?

A

these postural muscles stabilize adjoining vertebrae during movements of the vertebral column to allow more effective action of large muscle groups

92
Q

Where is the iliolumbar ligament?

A

a ligament stretched between TP L5 and iliac crest

93
Q

What is the origin of the quadratus lumborum?

A

iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament

94
Q

What is the insertion of the quadratus lumborum?

A

rib 12 and TP L1-L4

95
Q

What are the functions of the quadratus lumborum?

A

anterior pelvic tilt, extension of trunk @ spinal joints, lateral flexion of trunk @ spinal joints, elevation of pelvis @ lumbosacral joint, depression of rib 12 @ costospinal joint

96
Q

What is the innervation of the quadratus lumborum?

A

ventral rami of spinal nerves T12-L3

MSAK-1 (19 decks)

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