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Trunk muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What muscle is situated on the lateral and anterior parts of the abdomen?

A

external abdominal oblique

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2
Q

What is the largest and most superficial of the 3 flat muscles?

A

external abdominal oblique

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3
Q

What is the origin of the external abdominal oblique

A

anterior iliac crest, public bone, linea alba

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4
Q

What is the insertion of the external abdominal oblique

A

lower 8 ribs

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5
Q

The upper and middle fibres of external abdominal oblique are directed __________ and ________ and ends in an ______________

A

The upper and middle fibres of external abdominal oblique are directed DOWNWARD and FORWARD and ends in an APONEUROSIS

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6
Q

Describe the aponeurosis of the external oblique

A

thin and strong membrane structure joined with that of the opposite muscle along the midline

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7
Q

What are the functions of the external oblique

A

-lateral flexion of trunk @ spinal joints, contralateral rotation of the trunk @ spinal joints, flexion of trunk @ spinal joints, posterior pelvic tilt, compresses abdominal contents

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8
Q

What is the innervation of the external oblique

A

intercostal nerves (T7-T12 + L1)

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9
Q

True or false: the internal abdominal oblique is thicker and larger than the external oblique

A

false: thinner and smaller than external oblique

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10
Q

What muscle is deep to the external oblique

A

internal oblique

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11
Q

What shape is the internal oblique

A

irregularity quadlateral form

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12
Q

Where is the internal oblique situated

A

at lateral and anterior parts of abdomen

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13
Q

What is the origin of the internal oblique?

A

inguinal ligament, anterior portion of iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia

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14
Q

What is the insertion of the internal oblique

A

linea alba, lower 3 ribs

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15
Q

What are the functions of the internal oblique

A

lateral flexion of trunk @ spinal joints, ispilateral flexion of trunk @ spinal joints, flexion of trunk @ spinal joints, posterior pelvic tilt, compression of abdominal contents

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16
Q

What is the most internal of the 3 flat muscles?

A

transversus abdominis

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17
Q

What muscle lies directly deep to internal oblique

A

transversus abdominis

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18
Q

What nerve innervates the internal oblique

A

intercostal nerves T7-T12 + L1

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19
Q

What is the origin of the transversus abdominis?

A

inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, cartilages of lower 6 ribs

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20
Q

What is the insertion of the transversus abdominis

A

linea alba

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21
Q

What are the functions of the transversus abdominis

A

compression abdominal contents

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22
Q

What is the innervation of the transversus abdominis

A

intercostal nerves of T7-T12 + L1

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23
Q

What is the long and flat muscles that extends along the whole length of the front of the abdomen?

A

rectus abdominis

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24
Q

What separates the R rectus abdominis from the L?

A

linea alba

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25
What is the origin of the rectus abdominis
pubic crest, symphysis pubis
26
What is the insertion of the rectus abominis
xiphoid process, cartilages of ribs 5-7
27
What are tendinous intersections?
the rectus abdominis being crossed by fibrous bands, three in number
28
What encloses the rectus abdominis
rectus sheath
29
What are the functions of the rectus abdominis
flexion of trunk @ spinal joints, posterior pelvic tilt, compresses abdominal contents
30
What is the innervation of the rectus abdominis
intercostal nerves T5- T12
31
What are the two major groups of muscles in the back?
extrinsic back muscles and intrinsic back muscles
32
The extrinsic back muscles are divided into what sub groups?
superficial and intermediate
33
The intrinsic back muscles are divided into what subgroups?
superficial, intermediate, deep, and segmental
34
What group of muscles is related to and involved in movements of the upper limbs?
superficial extrinsic back muscles
35
What muscles are included in the superficial extrinsic back muscles?
trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboids
36
What muscle group of attached to the ribs and may serve a respiratory function?
intermediate extrinsic back muscles
37
What muscles are included in the intermediate extrinsic back muscles?
serratus posterior superior, serratus posterior inferior
38
What nerve innervates the extrinsic back muscles?
anterior (ventral) rami of spinal nerves (except trapezius)
39
What are the functions of the intrinsic back muscles?
specifically act on Vc producing its movements and maintaining posture
40
Intrinsic back muscles extend from ______ to ________
from pelvis to skull
41
What nerve(s) innervate the intrinsic back muscles?
posterior (dorsal) rami of spinal nerves at the corresponding level
42
What muscles lie on the lateral and posterior aspects of neck, covering the vertical muscles like a bandage?
superficial layer of intrinsic back muscles
43
What muscles are included in the superficial layer of intrinsic back muscles?
splenius cervicis and capitis
44
What are the functions of the muscles in the superficial layer of the intrinsic back muscles?
extensors, lateral flexors, and rotators and head and neck
45
What group of muscles lie in the laminar groove?
intermediate layer of intrinsic back muscles
46
What muscles are included in the intermediate layer of intrinsic back muscles
erector spinae
47
What are the functions of the intermediate later of the intrinsic back muscles?
extensors, lateral flexors, and rotatores of the , trunk, head or neck
48
What group of muscles lie deep to erector spinae
deep layer of intrinsic back muscles
49
What muscles are included in the deep layer of intrinsic back muscles
semispinalis, multifudus, rotatores
50
What muscles are included in the transversospinalis group
semi spinalis, multifidus, rotatores
51
What group of muscles are the smallest deep back muscles
segmental
52
What muscles are included in the segmental muscles?
interspinalis, intertransversii, levatores costarum
53
What muscles are mostly absent in the thoracic region?
interspinalis and intertransversii
54
What is the largest group of the intrinsic back muscles?
erector spinae
55
Where do the erector spinae muscle lie?
postero-laterally to VC between SP medially and angles of ribs laterally
56
The erector spinae divides upper lumbar region into _________ vertical columns of muscle
The erector spinae divides upper lumbar region into THREE vertical columns of muscle
57
What muscles are included in the erector spinae?
iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
58
What is the most laterallly placed column of the erector spinae
Iliocostalis
59
what is the intermediate column of erector spinae?
longissimus
60
what is the medial muscle column of the erector spinae
spinalis
61
How is the iliocostalis subdivided regionally
Lumborum, thoracic, cervicis
62
How is the longissimus group subdivided regionally?
thoracis, cervicis, capitis
63
How is the spinalis muscle group further subdivided regionally?
thoracis, cervicis, capitis
64
What muscle group of the erector spinae is most constant in thoracic region?
spinalis
65
what muscle is associated with the semispinalis capitis as the erector spinae group approaches the skull
spinalis
66
what muscle group is the primary extensor of the vertebral column and the head
erector spinae
67
how does the erector spinae participate in controlling vertebral column flexion?
by contracting and relaxing in a coordinated fashion
68
What is the origin of the erector spinae
thoracolumbar fascia to posterior sacrum, iliac crest, SP T11-S5
69
What is the insertion of the erector spinae?
posterior ribs, spinous process and transverse process of thoracic and cervical regions, mastoid process (only longissimus)
70
what are the functions of the erector spinae?
extension of trunk @ spinal joints, lateral flexion of trunk @ spinal joints, ispilateral rotation of trunk @ spinal joints, anterior pelvic tilt
71
what is the innervation of the erector spinae?
dorsal rami of spinal nerves of the corresponding level
72
The iliocostalis attaches from where to where
ilium to ribs
73
what sub group of the erector spinae partially sits under the scapula?
iliocostalis
74
what sub group of the erector spinae is the only one inserting into the skull
longissimus
75
what is the longest subgroup of the erector spinae?
longissimus
76
what portion of the spinalis group is often considered to be part of the semispinalis capitis muscle
capitis
77
what direction does the muscle fibres of the transversospinalis muscles run?
run obliquely upward and medially from transverse processes to spinous processes filling the groove between these two vertebral projections
78
is the transversospinalis muscles deep or superficial to the erector spinae group
deep
79
what are the sub groups of the transversospinalis muscles?
semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores
80
What is the most superficial collection of muscle fibres of the transversospinalis muscles
semispinalis
81
What subgroup of the transversospinalis muscles begin in the lower thoracic region and end by attaching to the skull?
semispinalis
82
what group of muscles are deep to the semispinalis
multifidus
83
what muscles present throughout the length of the vertebral column?
multifidus and rotatores
84
what sub group of the transversospinalis muscles are best developed in the lumbar region
multifidus
85
What subgroup of the transversospinalis muscles are best developed in the thoracic region
rotatores
86
are segmental muscles deep or superficial
deeply placed in back
87
What innervates segmental muscles?
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
88
what are the sub groups of the segmental muscles
levator costarum, interspinalis, intertransversii
89
contraction of what segmental muscles elevate the ribs
levator costarum
90
What group of the segmental muscles are considered true segmental muscles?
interspinalis, intertransversii
91
What are the functions of the interspinalis and intertransverii muscles?
these postural muscles stabilize adjoining vertebrae during movements of the vertebral column to allow more effective action of large muscle groups
92
Where is the iliolumbar ligament?
a ligament stretched between TP L5 and iliac crest
93
What is the origin of the quadratus lumborum?
iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament
94
What is the insertion of the quadratus lumborum?
rib 12 and TP L1-L4
95
What are the functions of the quadratus lumborum?
anterior pelvic tilt, extension of trunk @ spinal joints, lateral flexion of trunk @ spinal joints, elevation of pelvis @ lumbosacral joint, depression of rib 12 @ costospinal joint
96
What is the innervation of the quadratus lumborum?
ventral rami of spinal nerves T12-L3

MSAK-1 (19 decks)

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