Head and Neck Bones/Muscles Flashcards by Emily Eva

Describe the hyoid bone?

irregular horseshoe shaped bone suspended from the tips of the styloid process of the temporal bone by ligaments

doesnt articulate with other bones
gives attachment to many muscles

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Describe the body of the hyoid bone

convex anteriorly

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Describe the lesser horn of the hyoid bone

attached to the end of the body on either side, is directed upward

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Describe the greater horn of the hyoid bone

continuation of the body and moves backwards

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What does the cranium refer to

all bones in the skull minus the mandible

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How many bones is the neruocranium composed of? What are they?

8
Paired: parietal, temporal
Unpaired: frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid

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What does the calvaria refer to? Describe it, what is it composed of?

roof of the skull, dome like skull cap

composed of frontal, occipital and parietal

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How many bones make up the vicerocranium? What are they?

14 facial skeleton bones

paired: maxilla, zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal, palatine, inferior nasal concha
unpaired: mandible, vomer

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Describe the coronal suture

placed between the frontal bone and the two parietal bones

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Describe the sagittal suture

placed in the median plane between the two parietal bones

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Describe the lamboid suture

lies posteriorly between the occipital and parietal bones

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What are fontanelles

soft membrane on the head of a baby due to incomplete fusion of the cranial bones

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Where is the bregma

where the coronal and sagittal sutures meet

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Where is the Lambda

Where the lamboid and sagittal suture meet

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What nerve innervates all muscles of the scalp and facial expression

Cranial Never VII (facial nerve)

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What nerve innervates all muscles of mastication?

Cranial Nerve V (mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve)

What are the movement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

depression/elevation
protraction/retraction
lateral movement

What are the movements of the head?

flexion/extension @ atlanto-occipital joint (AOJ)

lateral flection @ AOJ
rotation @ C1+C2 atlantoaxial joint (AAJ)

What are the movements of the neck?

flexion/extension @ spinal joints
lateral flexion @spinal joints
rotation @ AAJ

What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of the Temporalis muscle?

origin: temporal fossa
insertion: coronoid process and anterior border of the ramus of the mandible
innervation: mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

What are the functions of the Temporalis muscle?

Elevation of the mandible @ TMJ

Retraction of the mandible @ TMJ

What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of Masseter muscle

Origin: zygomatic arch

insertion: angle and ramus of mandible
innervation: mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

What are the functions of the masseter muscle?

elevation of the mandible @ TMJ

protraction of the mandible @ TMJ

What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of Occipitalis muscle

Origin: superior nuchal line of the occipital bone and mastoid provress of the temporal bone

insertion: galea aponeruotica
innervation: CN VII facial nerve

What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of Frontalis muscle?

Origin: galea aponeruotica insertion: fascia and skin superior to the eyes and nose innervation: CN VII facial nerve

What are the functions of the occipitofrontalis muscle?

draws scalp posteriorly draws scalp anteriorly elevates eyebrows

If you want to test CN VII what do you ask the client to do?

raise the eyebrows

What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of Zygomaticus Major muscle?

o: zygomatic bone i: angle of the mouth n: CN VII facial nerve

What are the functions of the zygomaticus major muscle?

elevate the angle of the mouth

What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of risorius muscle?

o: fascia of parotid gland i: angle of the mouth n: CN VII facial nerve

What are the functions of the risorius muscle?

draws laterally the angle of the mouth

What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of buccinator muscle

o: outer surfaces of the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible i: deep into the musculature of lips, lateral to angle of the mouth i: CN VII facial nerve

What are the functions of the buccinator

compress the cheeks against the teeth

What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of platysma muscle

o: the fascia covering the upper parts of the pectoralis major and deltoid i: mandible and subcutaneous fascia of lower face n: CN VII facial nerve

What are the functions of the platysma muscle

- draws up the skin of the superior neck and chest creating ridges of skin on neck - depresses and draws lower lip laterally

What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM)

o: medial 1/3 of clavical and manubrium of sternum i: mastoid process of the temporal bone and lateral 1/2 of the superior nuchal line of occipital bone n: CN XI spinal accessory nerve

What are the functions of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM)?

- flexion of lower neck @ spinal joints - extension of head @ atlantoocipital joint - extension of upper neck @ spinal joints - lateral flexion of the head @ AOJ - lateral flexion of the neck @ spinal joints - contralateral rotation of head @ AAJ - contralateral rotation of neck @ spinal joints - elevation of the sternum and clavical during forced inhaltion