Head and Neck Bones/Muscles Flashcards
Describe the hyoid bone?
irregular horseshoe shaped bone suspended from the tips of the styloid process of the temporal bone by ligaments
- doesnt articulate with other bones
- gives attachment to many muscles
Describe the body of the hyoid bone
convex anteriorly
Describe the lesser horn of the hyoid bone
attached to the end of the body on either side, is directed upward
Describe the greater horn of the hyoid bone
continuation of the body and moves backwards
What does the cranium refer to
all bones in the skull minus the mandible
How many bones is the neruocranium composed of? What are they?
8
Paired: parietal, temporal
Unpaired: frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid
What does the calvaria refer to? Describe it, what is it composed of?
roof of the skull, dome like skull cap
composed of frontal, occipital and parietal
How many bones make up the vicerocranium? What are they?
14 facial skeleton bones
paired: maxilla, zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal, palatine, inferior nasal concha
unpaired: mandible, vomer
Describe the coronal suture
placed between the frontal bone and the two parietal bones
Describe the sagittal suture
placed in the median plane between the two parietal bones
Describe the lamboid suture
lies posteriorly between the occipital and parietal bones
What are fontanelles
soft membrane on the head of a baby due to incomplete fusion of the cranial bones
Where is the bregma
where the coronal and sagittal sutures meet
Where is the Lambda
Where the lamboid and sagittal suture meet
What nerve innervates all muscles of the scalp and facial expression
Cranial Never VII (facial nerve)
What nerve innervates all muscles of mastication?
Cranial Nerve V (mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve)
What are the movement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
depression/elevation
protraction/retraction
lateral movement
What are the movements of the head?
flexion/extension @ atlanto-occipital joint (AOJ)
- lateral flection @ AOJ
- rotation @ C1+C2 atlantoaxial joint (AAJ)
What are the movements of the neck?
flexion/extension @ spinal joints
lateral flexion @spinal joints
rotation @ AAJ
What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of the Temporalis muscle?
origin: temporal fossa
insertion: coronoid process and anterior border of the ramus of the mandible
innervation: mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
What are the functions of the Temporalis muscle?
Elevation of the mandible @ TMJ
Retraction of the mandible @ TMJ
What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of Masseter muscle
Origin: zygomatic arch
insertion: angle and ramus of mandible
innervation: mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
What are the functions of the masseter muscle?
elevation of the mandible @ TMJ
protraction of the mandible @ TMJ
What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of Occipitalis muscle
Origin: superior nuchal line of the occipital bone and mastoid provress of the temporal bone
insertion: galea aponeruotica
innervation: CN VII facial nerve
What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of Frontalis muscle?
Origin: galea aponeruotica
insertion: fascia and skin superior to the eyes and nose
innervation: CN VII facial nerve
What are the functions of the occipitofrontalis muscle?
draws scalp posteriorly
draws scalp anteriorly
elevates eyebrows
If you want to test CN VII what do you ask the client to do?
raise the eyebrows
What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of Zygomaticus Major muscle?
o: zygomatic bone
i: angle of the mouth
n: CN VII facial nerve
What are the functions of the zygomaticus major muscle?
elevate the angle of the mouth
What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of risorius muscle?
o: fascia of parotid gland
i: angle of the mouth
n: CN VII facial nerve
What are the functions of the risorius muscle?
draws laterally the angle of the mouth
What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of buccinator muscle
o: outer surfaces of the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible
i: deep into the musculature of lips, lateral to angle of the mouth
i: CN VII facial nerve
What are the functions of the buccinator
compress the cheeks against the teeth
What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of platysma muscle
o: the fascia covering the upper parts of the pectoralis major and deltoid
i: mandible and subcutaneous fascia of lower face
n: CN VII facial nerve
What are the functions of the platysma muscle
- draws up the skin of the superior neck and chest creating ridges of skin on neck
- depresses and draws lower lip laterally
What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM)
o: medial 1/3 of clavical and manubrium of sternum
i: mastoid process of the temporal bone and lateral 1/2 of the superior nuchal line of occipital bone
n: CN XI spinal accessory nerve
What are the functions of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM)?
- flexion of lower neck @ spinal joints
- extension of head @ atlantoocipital joint
- extension of upper neck @ spinal joints
- lateral flexion of the head @ AOJ
- lateral flexion of the neck @ spinal joints
- contralateral rotation of head @ AAJ
- contralateral rotation of neck @ spinal joints
- elevation of the sternum and clavical during forced inhaltion
