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MSAK-1 > Class 1 > Flashcards

Class 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Anatomy

A

study of structures and their relationships to each other; revealed by dissection

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2
Q

What are the subdivisions of Anatomy?`

A
  • Surface: through the surface of the skin
  • Gross-observed microscopically via the naked eye
  • Systemic: dividing into systems
  • Regional: dividing into regions
  • Radiographic: x ray, mri, etc.
  • Developmental: process of human development
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3
Q

If the body is face down it is in the _____ position

A

prone

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4
Q

if the body is laying face up it is in the _______ position

A

supine

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5
Q

What is another word for midline?

A

axis

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6
Q

What is the sagittal plane?

A

vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sides

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7
Q

What is the midsagittal plane?

A

divides the body or structure into equal left and right sides

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8
Q

What is the parasagittal plane?

A

divides the body or structure into unequal right and left sides

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9
Q

What is the Frontal (Coronal) Plane?

A

Divides into anterior and posterior

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10
Q

What is the transverse plane? What is it also known as?

A

divides into superior vs inferior

cross sectional, horizontal plane

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11
Q

What is the oblique plane?

A

angled

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12
Q

define cephalad

A

toward head

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13
Q

Define caudal

A

away from head, towards tail

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14
Q

External

A

outside

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15
Q

internal

A

inside

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16
Q

define bilateral

A

equal on both sides

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17
Q

unilateral

A

one side

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18
Q

In what plane does flexion and extension happen in

A

sagittal plane

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19
Q

what plane does abduction and adduction happen in?

A

frontal plane

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20
Q

What makes up the skeletal system?

A

bones and joints

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21
Q

What makes up the axial skeleton?

A

skull, hyoid, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, ear ossicles

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22
Q

How many bones make up the axial skeleton

A

80

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23
Q

What makes up the appendicular skeleton

A

upper limbs: humerous, radius, ulna, carpal bones, metacarpal, phalnges

lower limbs: femur, tiba, fibula, patella, taral, metatarsal, phalnges

pelvic (r+l hop bones)

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24
Q

How many bones make up the appendicular skeleton

A

126

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25
Q

What are the 5 basic types of bone?

A

long: greater length than width
short: almost cube-shaped
flat: thin
sesamoid: develops in tendons
sutural: small bones located in suture of skull

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26
Q

What are the functions of bones?

A
  • supporting and protecting soft tissues
  • attachment site for muscles making movement possible
  • storage of minerals, calcium, and phosphate
  • blood cell production in red bone marrow (hemopoiesis)
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27
Q

What is skeletal muscle tissue?

A

primarily attached to bone, skin or fascia

  • voluntary contraction and relation
  • sometimes involuntariy ie. shivering
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28
Q

What is cardiac muscle tissue?

A

forms the walls of the heart, involuntary

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29
Q

What is the smooth (visceral) muscle tissue?

A

located in viscera

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30
Q

What are the functions of skeletal muscle tissue?

A
  • producing body movements
  • stabilizing body positions
  • movement of substances within body cavity
  • producing heat
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31
Q

What types of nerves supply skeletal muscle?

A

motor and sensory

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32
Q

What are the functions of cardiac muscle?

A
  • regulating organ volumes

- movement of substances in the body

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33
Q

what are the functions of visceral muscle?

A
  • regulating organ volumes

- movement of substances within body

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34
Q

What are sphincters?

A

bands of smooth muscle

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35
Q

Define origin

A

point attached to bone or muscle, USUALLY isnt moved by contraction of muscle

36
Q

Define insertion

A

point attached to skin, bone, or muscle. Attaches to structure that does move

37
Q

What is the belly of a muscle?

A

fleshy portion of muscle between attachment sites

38
Q

What is muscle tone?

A

involuntary contraction of small number of muscle fibres (alter. active and inactive, shifting pattern)

keeps muscle firm when relaxed

does not produce movement

essential for maintaining posture

helps maintain blood pressure

39
Q

Rectus

A

parallel to midline

40
Q

Transverse

A

perpendicular to midline

41
Q

oblique

A

diagonal to midline

42
Q

maximus

A

largest

43
Q

minimus

A

smallest

44
Q

longus

A

long

45
Q

brevis

A

short

46
Q

latissimus

A

widest

47
Q

longissimus

A

longest

48
Q

mangus

A

large

49
Q

major

A

larger

50
Q

minor

A

smaller

51
Q

vastus

A

huge

52
Q

deltoid

A

triangular

53
Q

trapezius

A

trapeziod

54
Q

serratus

A

saw toothed

55
Q

rhomboid

A

diamond shape

56
Q

orbicularis

A

circular

57
Q

pectinate

A

comb-like

58
Q

piriformis

A

pear shaped

59
Q

platys

A

flat

60
Q

quadratus

A

square, four sided

61
Q

gracillis

A

slender

62
Q

flexor

A

decreases joint angle

63
Q

extensor

A

increases joint angle

64
Q

abductor

A

moves bone away from midline

65
Q

adductor

A

moves bone closer to midline

66
Q

levator

A

raises/elevates

67
Q

depressor

A

lowers/depresses

68
Q

supinator

A

turns palm anteriorly

69
Q

pronator

A

turns palm posteriorly

70
Q

sphincter

A

decreases size of an opening

71
Q

tesnor

A

makes body part rigid

72
Q

rotator

A

rotates bone around longitudinal axis

73
Q

biceps

A

2 origins

74
Q

triceps

A

3 origins

75
Q

quadriceps

A

4 origins

76
Q

Tendon

A

cord of dense connective tissue that attaches a muscle to the bone or other muscle

77
Q

aponeurosis

A

a tendon that extends as a broad, flat layer

78
Q

ligament

A

short band of connective tissue that connects bone to bone

79
Q

tendon sheath

A

tube like structure made by connective tissue wraps around tendons at wrist or ankle

80
Q

superficial fascia

A

loose connective tissue and fat underlying the skin

contains superficial veins and sensory nerves

81
Q

deep fascia

A

dense irregular connective tissue under superficial fascia that wraps body

well defined in limbs

82
Q

What is a nerve?

A

enclosed cable like bundle of dendrites or axons

83
Q

What are sensory nerves?

A

receive sensory stimuli

84
Q

what are motor nerves?

A

allows brain to stimulate muscle contraction

exclusively contains axons of neurons that innervate skeletal muscle or glands

85
Q

What are spinal nerves? How many pairs?

A

31 pairs

mixed sensory and motor nerves that come out of spinal cord

innervates most skeletal muscle

86
Q

What are cranial nerves? How many pairs?

A

12 pairs emerge directly from the brain

contain sensory and motor nerve fibres and innervate different regions

87
Q

What are the important nerves to remember for the quiz

A

Cranial nerve V: Trigeminal nerve
and mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

Cranial nerve VII: facial nerve

Cranial nerve XII: hypoglossal

MSAK-1 (19 decks)

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