Muscles of the Thigh

Question 1

What is the IT band?

Answer 1

thickening of deep fascia of the thigh on the lateral side

Question 2

What is deep fascia of the thigh?

Answer 2

tough fibrous sheath that invests the entire thigh like sleeve, its thickened laterally and forms IT band

Question 3

What are the compartments of the thigh? What divides them?

Answer 3

anterior (ext), medial (ADD), post (flex) compartments separated by three intermuscular septae from fascia lata

Question 4

What does the anterior (extensor) compartment of the thigh house? What joint does it act on?

Answer 4

houses extensors in the thigh that act on the knee joint

Question 5

What nerve innervates the anterior (Extensor) compartment? Are there any exceptions?

Answer 5

femoral nerve, no

Question 6

What does the medial (adductor) compartment of the thigh house? What joint does it act on?

Answer 6

houses the adductor muscles of the thigh (hip joint adductor)

Question 7

What nerve innervates the medial (adductor) compartment? Are there any exceptions?

Answer 7

obturator nerve, pectineus is innervated by femoral nerve, adductor magnus is innervated by obturator and tibial nerve

Question 8

What does the posterior (flexor) compartment of the thigh house? What joint does it act on?

Answer 8

flexor muscles in the thigh that act on the knee joint

Question 9

What nerve innervates the posterior (flexor) compartment? Are there any exceptions?

Answer 9

sciatic nerve

Question 10

What is the origin of the biceps femoris?

Answer 10

long head: ischial tuberosity, short head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar ridge of femur

Question 11

What is the insertion of the biceps femoris?

Answer 11

head of fibula and lateral condyle of the tibia

Question 12

What are the functions of the biceps femoris?

Answer 12

flexion of leg @ knee joint, lateral rotation of leg @ knee joint when the knee is flexed, extension of thigh @ hip joint (long head), and posterior pelvic tilt @ hip joint

Question 13

What nerve innervates the biceps femoris?

Answer 13

tibial nerve to the long head and common fibular to short head

Question 14

What group of muscles are the main flexors of the leg?

Answer 14

hamstrings

Question 15

What is the origin of the semitendinosus?

Answer 15

ischial tuberosity

Question 16

What is the insertion of the semitendinosus?

Answer 16

the proximal part of the medial surface of the shaft of the tibia

Question 17

What are the functions of the semitendinosus?

Answer 17

medial rotation of leg @ knee joint, extension of thigh @ hip joint, flexion of leg @ knee joint, posterior pelvic tilt @ hip joint

Question 18

What nerve innervates the semitendinosus?

Answer 18

tibial nerve

Question 19

What is the origin of the semimembranosus?

Answer 19

ischial tuberosity

Question 20

What is the insertion of the semimembranosus?

Answer 20

posterior surface of the medial condyle of the tibia

Question 21

What are the functions of the semimembranosus?

Answer 21

medial rotation of leg @ knee joint, extension of thigh @ hip joint, Flexion of leg @ knee joint, and posterior pelvic tilt @ hip joint (same as semitendinosus)

Question 22

What nerve innervates semimembranosus?

Answer 22

tibial nerve

Question 23

What is the tailor’s muscles?

Answer 23

sartorius

Question 24

What is the longest muscle in the body?

Answer 24

sartorius

Question 25

What is the origin of the sartorius?

Answer 25

ASIS

Question 26

What is the insertion of the sartorius?

Answer 26

proximal anteromedial tibia

Question 27

What are the functions of the sartorius?

Answer 27

flexion of leg @ knee joint, flexion of thigh @ hip joint, lateral rotation of thigh @ hip joint, medial rotation of leg @ knee joint, abduction of thigh @ hip joint

Question 28

What is the origin of the rectus femoris?

Answer 28

AIIS

Question 29

What is the insertion of the rectus femoris?

Answer 29

tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament and the base of the patella via quadriceps tendon

Question 30

What are the functions of the rectus femoris?

Answer 30

extension of leg @ knee joint, flexion of thigh @ hip joint

Question 31

What nerve innervates the rectus femoris?

Answer 31

femoral nerve

Question 32

What nerve innervates the sartorius?

Answer 32

femoral nerve

Question 33

What is the origin of the vastus lateralis?

Answer 33

lateral lip of linea aspera of femur

Question 34

What is the insertion of the vastus lateralis?

Answer 34

tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Question 35

What are the functions of the vastus lateralis?

Answer 35

extension of the leg @ knee joint

Question 36

What is the innervation of the vastus lateralis?

Answer 36

femoral nerve

Question 37

What is the origin of the vastus medialis?

Answer 37

medial lip of the linea aspera

Question 38

What is the insertion of the vastus medialis?

Answer 38

medial border of the patella via quadriceps tendon then the tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon

Question 39

What are the functions of the vastus medialis?

Answer 39

extension of the leg @ knee joint

Question 40

What nerve innervates the vastus medialis?

Answer 40

femoral nerve

Question 41

What is the origin of the adductor longus?

Answer 41

pubis

Question 42

What is the insertion of the adductor longus?

Answer 42

middle 1/3 of the medial lip of the linea aspera

Question 43

What are the functions of the adductor longus?

Answer 43

adduction of the thigh @ hip joint, flexion of thigh @ hip joint

Question 44

What nerve innervates the adductor longus?

Answer 44

obturator nerve

Question 45

What muscle acts as a border between the anterior and posterior thigh?

Answer 45

adductor magnus

Question 46

What is the origin of the adductor magnus

Answer 46

pubis and ischium

Question 47

What is the insertion of the adductor magnus

Answer 47

linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity, medial supracondylar line, adductor tubercle of the femur

Question 48

What are the functions of the adductor Magnus?

Answer 48

adduction of thigh @ hip joint, extension of thigh @ hip joint (posterior fibres), flexion of thigh @ hip joint (anterior fibres)

Question 49

What nerve innervates the adductor magnus?

Answer 49

anterior head obturator and posterior head by sciatic nerves (tibial nerve)

Question 50

What is the adductor hiatus?

Answer 50

borderline between anterior and medial thigh and posterior thigh for the femoral artery

Question 51

What is the origin of the gracilis?

Answer 51

pubis

Question 52

What is the insertion of the gracilis?

Answer 52

proximal part of the medial surface of the shaft of the tibia

Question 53

What are the functions of the gracilis?

Answer 53

flexion of thigh @ hip joint, adduction of thigh @ hip joint, flexion of leg @ knee joint, medial rotation of leg @ knee joint

Question 54

What is the innervation of the gracilis?

Answer 54

obturator nerve

Question 55

What muscles make up the pes anserinus tendon? Where is it located?

Answer 55

sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus attach to the upper medial side of the tibia in three-pronged pattern so their combined tendons of insertion are termed the pes anserinus