Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSAK-1 > Joint and Muscle Physiology > Flashcards

Joint and Muscle Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the points of contact a joint can have?

A

between two bones, cartilage + bone, teeth + bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is arthrology?

A

study of joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is kinesiology?

A

study of motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How can you classify joints?

A

structurally: based on presence of synovial cavity and type of connective tissue, or functional: is based upon movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How can you structurally classify a joint?

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How can you functionally classify joints?

A

synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does synarthrosis mean?

A

immoveable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does amphiarthrosis mean?

A

slightly moveable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does diarthrosis mean?

A

freely moveable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the characteristics of a fibrous joint?

A

lacks synovial cavity, bones held together by fibrous connective tissue, synarthroses or amphiparthoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the three structural types of a fibrous joint?

A

suture, syndesmosis, gomphosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe a suture. How is it functionally and structurally classified?

A

a fibrous joint that is a thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue unites bones of the skull, synarthrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe a syndesmosis? How is it structurally and functionally classified?

A

a fibrous joint where bones are united by a ligament or membrane, amphiarthrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The inferior tibiofibular joint and interosseous membrane is an example of what type of joint?

A

syndesmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe gomphosis. How is it structurally and functionally classified?

A

a fibrous joint where a ligament holds a cone-shaped peg in a bony socket, can be considered synarthrosis or amphiarthrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where are gomphosis joints found?

A

teeth in alveolar processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the characteristics of a cartilaginous joint?

A

lacks synovial cavity, allows litter or no movement, bones tightly connected by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe Synchondrosis. How is it structurally and functionally classified?

A

a cartilaginous joint, connecting material is hyaline cartilage, synarthrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

an epiphyseal plate or joint between ribs and costal cartilages are examples of what type of joint?

A

synchondrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe Symphysis. How is it structurally and functionally classified?

A

a cartilaginous joint that is always in the midline, fibrocartilage is the connecting material, amphiarthrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Intervertebral discs and the pubic symphysis are examples of what type of joint?

A

Symphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the common features of synovial joints?

A

separates articulating bones, diarthrosis, articular cartilage, articular capsule, intrinsic ligament, synovial membrane, extracapsular/intracapsular ligaments, articular discs + menisci, bursa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does articular cartilage in a synovial joint do?

A

reduces friction and absorbs shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does an articular capsule in a synovial joint do?

A

holds the bones together, surrounds the joint

25
Q

What forms an articular capsule?

A

fibrous capsule + synovial membrane

26
Q

What is an intrinsic ligament?

A

thickenings in a fibrous capsule, it is part of the capsule

27
Q

What is a synovial membrane?

A

the lining of the capsule inside, it secretes synovial fluid

28
Q

What does synovial fluid bring to the articular cartilage?

A

nutrients

29
Q

What is joint effusion?

A

extra secretion of synovial fluid

30
Q

extracapsular and intracapsular ligaments are examples of what?

A

extrinsic ligaments

31
Q

Extracapsular ligaments are __________ the joint capsule

A

Extracapsular ligaments are OUTSIDE the joint capsule

32
Q

Intracapsular ligaments are __________ the joint capsule

A

Intracapsular ligaments are INSIDE the joint capsule

33
Q

What are the functions of articular discs and menisci?

A

attached to the edges of the capsule to allow the two bones of different shapes to fit tightly, increase stability

34
Q

What is a bursa?

A

fluid-filled sac-like structure made by connective tissue that reduces friction between skin and bone or tendons and bone

35
Q

What is bursitis?

A

inflammation to bursa

36
Q

Why do joints need nerve supply

A

to detect position, pain, pressure, stretch

37
Q

What is Hilton’s law?

A

nerve to joints are branches of nerves to the nearby mucscles

38
Q

What are the types of synovial joints?

A

planar, hinge, pivot, condyloid/ellipsodal, saddle, and ball + socket

39
Q

Describe a planar joint

A

bone surfaces are flat and slightly curved, side to side movement only, rotation is prevented by ligaments

40
Q

Intercarpal, intertarsal and vertebrocostal joints are examples of what type of joint?

A

Planar synovial joints

41
Q

Describe a hinge joint

A

the convex surface of one bone fits onto a concave surface of another, uniaxial, movements permitted are flex/ext

42
Q

The elbow, ankle, and interphalangeal joints are examples of what type of joint?

A

hinge synovial joint

43
Q

Describe a pivot joint

A

rounded surface of bone articulates with a ring formed by the other bone and ligament(s), monoaxial, allows only rotation around a longitudinal axis

44
Q

The proximal radioulnar joint, and atlantoaxial joint are examples of what type of joint?

A

Pivot synovial joint

45
Q

Describe a condyloid/ellipsoidal joint

A

oval-shaped projection fits into an oval depression, biaxial, movements permitted are flex/ext, AB/ADD

46
Q

The wrist joint is an example of what type of joint?

A

ellipsoidal synovial joint

47
Q

The MCP is an example of what type of joint?

A

condyloid synovial joint

48
Q

Describe a saddle joint

A

one bone saddle-shaped and a second bone acts a jockey sitting on top, biaxial, movements permitted are flex/ext, AB/ADD, and some rotation

49
Q

The joint between the trapezium and 1st metacarpal is an example of what type of joint?

A

saddle synovial joint

50
Q

Describe a ball and socket joint

A

a ball fitting into a cup-like depression, multiaxial, movements permitted are flex/ext/ AB/ADD, rotation

51
Q

The shoulder and hip joint are examples of what types of joint?

A

ball and socket synovial joint

52
Q

What is muscle tone?

A

involuntary contraction of a small number of muscle fibres alternately active and inactive in a shifting pattern that keeps muscles firm when relaxed, does not produce movement, and is important in maintaining posture and BP

53
Q

Define isometric

A

muscle contracts, produces force, but no gross movement, functionally to stabilize joints

54
Q

Define isotonic

A

a contraction under which the tension remains constant, often used to describe contraction causing a joint to move through ROM, of two types: concentric and eccentric

55
Q

Define isotonic concentric

A

muscle shortens while contracting, produces acceleration of body segments

56
Q

Define isotonic eccentric

A

muscle lengthens while contracting, decelerate body segments and provide shock absorption

57
Q

Define agonist

A

main mover producing a joint movement or maintaining posture, always contracts to produce isometric or isotonic concentric/eccentric contraction

58
Q

Define antagonist

A

opposes agonist, neither assists nor resists but passively elongates/shortens to permit motion

59
Q

Define synergist

A

assist agonist, may prevent unwanted movement, may act isometrically at joint far from primary motion to fix proximal joints so distal motions occur

MSAK-1 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions