Joint and Muscle Physiology Flashcards by Emily Eva

What are the points of contact a joint can have?

between two bones, cartilage + bone, teeth + bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is arthrology?

study of joints

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is kinesiology?

study of motion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How can you classify joints?

structurally: based on presence of synovial cavity and type of connective tissue, or functional: is based upon movement

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How can you structurally classify a joint?

fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How can you functionally classify joints?

synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does synarthrosis mean?

immoveable

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does amphiarthrosis mean?

slightly moveable

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does diarthrosis mean?

freely moveable

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the characteristics of a fibrous joint?

lacks synovial cavity, bones held together by fibrous connective tissue, synarthroses or amphiparthoses

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the three structural types of a fibrous joint?

suture, syndesmosis, gomphosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe a suture. How is it functionally and structurally classified?

a fibrous joint that is a thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue unites bones of the skull, synarthrosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe a syndesmosis? How is it structurally and functionally classified?

a fibrous joint where bones are united by a ligament or membrane, amphiarthrosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The inferior tibiofibular joint and interosseous membrane is an example of what type of joint?

syndesmosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe gomphosis. How is it structurally and functionally classified?

a fibrous joint where a ligament holds a cone-shaped peg in a bony socket, can be considered synarthrosis or amphiarthrosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where are gomphosis joints found?

teeth in alveolar processes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the characteristics of a cartilaginous joint?

lacks synovial cavity, allows litter or no movement, bones tightly connected by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe Synchondrosis. How is it structurally and functionally classified?

a cartilaginous joint, connecting material is hyaline cartilage, synarthrosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

an epiphyseal plate or joint between ribs and costal cartilages are examples of what type of joint?

synchondrosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe Symphysis. How is it structurally and functionally classified?

a cartilaginous joint that is always in the midline, fibrocartilage is the connecting material, amphiarthrosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Intervertebral discs and the pubic symphysis are examples of what type of joint?

Symphysis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the common features of synovial joints?

separates articulating bones, diarthrosis, articular cartilage, articular capsule, intrinsic ligament, synovial membrane, extracapsular/intracapsular ligaments, articular discs + menisci, bursa

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does articular cartilage in a synovial joint do?

reduces friction and absorbs shock

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does an articular capsule in a synovial joint do?

holds the bones together, surrounds the joint

What forms an articular capsule?

fibrous capsule + synovial membrane

What is an intrinsic ligament?

thickenings in a fibrous capsule, it is part of the capsule

What is a synovial membrane?

the lining of the capsule inside, it secretes synovial fluid

What does synovial fluid bring to the articular cartilage?

nutrients

What is joint effusion?

extra secretion of synovial fluid

extracapsular and intracapsular ligaments are examples of what?

extrinsic ligaments

Extracapsular ligaments are __________ the joint capsule

Extracapsular ligaments are OUTSIDE the joint capsule

Intracapsular ligaments are __________ the joint capsule

Intracapsular ligaments are INSIDE the joint capsule

What are the functions of articular discs and menisci?

attached to the edges of the capsule to allow the two bones of different shapes to fit tightly, increase stability

What is a bursa?

fluid-filled sac-like structure made by connective tissue that reduces friction between skin and bone or tendons and bone

What is bursitis?

inflammation to bursa

Why do joints need nerve supply

to detect position, pain, pressure, stretch

What is Hilton's law?

nerve to joints are branches of nerves to the nearby mucscles

What are the types of synovial joints?

planar, hinge, pivot, condyloid/ellipsodal, saddle, and ball + socket

Describe a planar joint

bone surfaces are flat and slightly curved, side to side movement only, rotation is prevented by ligaments

Intercarpal, intertarsal and vertebrocostal joints are examples of what type of joint?

Planar synovial joints

Describe a hinge joint

the convex surface of one bone fits onto a concave surface of another, uniaxial, movements permitted are flex/ext

The elbow, ankle, and interphalangeal joints are examples of what type of joint?

hinge synovial joint

Describe a pivot joint

rounded surface of bone articulates with a ring formed by the other bone and ligament(s), monoaxial, allows only rotation around a longitudinal axis

The proximal radioulnar joint, and atlantoaxial joint are examples of what type of joint?

Pivot synovial joint

Describe a condyloid/ellipsoidal joint

oval-shaped projection fits into an oval depression, biaxial, movements permitted are flex/ext, AB/ADD

The wrist joint is an example of what type of joint?

ellipsoidal synovial joint

The MCP is an example of what type of joint?

condyloid synovial joint

Describe a saddle joint

one bone saddle-shaped and a second bone acts a jockey sitting on top, biaxial, movements permitted are flex/ext, AB/ADD, and some rotation

The joint between the trapezium and 1st metacarpal is an example of what type of joint?

saddle synovial joint

Describe a ball and socket joint

a ball fitting into a cup-like depression, multiaxial, movements permitted are flex/ext/ AB/ADD, rotation

The shoulder and hip joint are examples of what types of joint?

ball and socket synovial joint

What is muscle tone?

involuntary contraction of a small number of muscle fibres alternately active and inactive in a shifting pattern that keeps muscles firm when relaxed, does not produce movement, and is important in maintaining posture and BP

Define isometric

muscle contracts, produces force, but no gross movement, functionally to stabilize joints

Define isotonic

a contraction under which the tension remains constant, often used to describe contraction causing a joint to move through ROM, of two types: concentric and eccentric

Define isotonic concentric

muscle shortens while contracting, produces acceleration of body segments

Define isotonic eccentric

muscle lengthens while contracting, decelerate body segments and provide shock absorption

Define agonist

main mover producing a joint movement or maintaining posture, always contracts to produce isometric or isotonic concentric/eccentric contraction

Define antagonist

opposes agonist, neither assists nor resists but passively elongates/shortens to permit motion

Define synergist

assist agonist, may prevent unwanted movement, may act isometrically at joint far from primary motion to fix proximal joints so distal motions occur