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MSAK-1 > Bones of Upper Limb > Flashcards

Bones of Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What is the only long bone that lies horizontally?

A

Clavicle

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2
Q

What forms the pectoral (shoulder) girdle?

A

clavical, scapula

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3
Q

Is the sternal end of the clavicle medial or lateral

A

medial

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4
Q

Is the acromial end of the clavicle medial or lateral? What differs it from the sternal end

A

lateral, is flat

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5
Q

Where are the articular surfaces found on the clavicle?

A

sternal and acromial end

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6
Q

Where does the costoclavicular ligament attach?

A

near sternal end on inferior surface is an impressioon

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7
Q

Where is the subsclavian groove located and what is it for?

A

for subclavian muscle attachment lies on inferior surface of the body of the clavicle

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8
Q

Where is the conoid tubercle of the clavicle?

A

lies near the acromial end close to the trapezoid line

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9
Q

What form the Acromioclavicular Joint (ACJ)s

A

acromion of scpula and acromial end of clavicle

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10
Q

What are the movements of the acromioclavicular joint

A

sliding/gliding

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11
Q

What forms the sternoclavicular joint (SCJ)?

A

manubrium of sternum and sternal end of clavicle

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12
Q

What are the movements of the sternoclavicular joint (SCJ)

A

elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, rotation

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13
Q

What bone is the first to ossify and what type of bone is it?

A

a subcutaneous bone, clavicle

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14
Q

What does ossification mean?

A

to become bone

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15
Q

What does the scapula look like

A

flat and triangular

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16
Q

What does the scapula contain?

(maybe look at an unlabeled photo)

A

medial (vertebral) border, lateral border, superior border, superior/inferior angles, subscapular fossa
supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa, spine, acromial facet, acromial angle, supraglenoid tubercle, infraglenoid tubercle, neck, coracoid process, subscapular notch

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17
Q

What is the subscapular fossa of the scapula?

A

anterior or costal surface that is flat and slightly concave

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18
Q

How is the dorsal surface of the scapula divided and what are the divisions called?

A

the dorsal surface is divided by the spine of the scapula into smaller supraspinous fossa and larger infraspinous fossa

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19
Q

Describe the spine of the scapula

A

has a triangular base medially which rises laterally and ends at acromion

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20
Q

What is the acromion of the scapula

A

flattened process located at the end of the spine of scapula laterally

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21
Q

Where/What is the acromial facet of the scapula

A

near the lateral end is an oval articular facet for articulation with clavicle

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22
Q

What/Where is the glenoid cavity

A

beared by lateral angle of scapula, articulates with head of the humerous to form Glenohumeral joint

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23
Q

What/where is the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

A

at its upper border a small projection

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24
Q

Where is the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

A

below glenoid cavity

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25
Q

Where is the neck of the scapula

A

adjacent (medial) to glenoid cavity

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26
Q

Where is the coracoid process of the scapula

A

lies above glenoid cavity, bent at a right angle ventro-laterally

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27
Q

Where is the suprascapular notch

A

medial to base of coracoid process on upper border of scapula

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28
Q

What is the proximal end of the humerous formed by

A

head, anatomical neck, greater/lesser tubercle

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29
Q

What facets does the greater tubercle of the humourus carry?

A

3 facets: superior, middle and inferior

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30
Q

What lies intermediate to the greater and lesser tubercle of the humerous?

A

intertubercular (bicipital) groove

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31
Q

Describe the intertubercular (bicipital) groove

A

has 2 lips: crest of greater/lesser tubercle

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32
Q

Where does the surgical neck of the humerous lie

A

proximally on body of humerous close to axillary nerve

33
Q

Where is the deltoid tuberosity of the humerous

A

middle of the body laterally

34
Q

Where is the radial groove of the humerous and what is it for?

A

behind deltoid tuberosity, very shallow for radial nerve

35
Q

Describe the glenohumeral joint (GHJ)

A

glenoid cavity + head of the humerous articulate to form ball and socket joint

AKA shoulder joint

36
Q

what are the movements of the glenohumeral joint

A

flexion/extension
adduction/abduction
rotation
circumduction

37
Q

How is the body of the humerous divided? What are those parts called

A

antero-medial surface with medial border, antero-lateral surface with lateral border which sharpen distally and is called lateral/medial supracondylar ridges

38
Q

What is the ligamentum nuchae and where does it attach

A

strong ligament that attaches to spinous processes of cervical vertebrae

39
Q

What are the movements of the scapula

A

upward/downward rotation
retraction(adduction)/protraction(abduction)
elevation
depression

40
Q

What is the scapulothoracic joint (STJ)

A

a physiological joint between scapula and thorax, AKA scapulocostal joint (SCJ)

41
Q

On this distal end of the humerus what is on the medial side?

A

large medial epicondyle

42
Q

On the distal end of the humerus on the lateral side is what?

A

smaller lateral epicondyle

43
Q

What do the trochlea and capitilum of the humerus form?

A

humeral condyles for articulation with bones of the forearm

44
Q

Where does the radial fossa lie in relation to the capitulum of the humerus?

A

proximal

45
Q

Where does the coronoid fossa of the humerus lie in relation to the trochlea?

A

proximal

46
Q

Which is larger: coronoid fossa or radial fossa?

A

coronoid fossa

47
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve lie on the humerus?

A

medial to the trochlea is a shallow groove which is a sulcus for the ulnar nerve

48
Q

Fracture of what part of the humerus can affect/damage the ulnar nerve?

A

medial epicondyle

49
Q

What is coronoid fossa of the humerus for?

A

the coronoid process of the ulna during flexion of the forearm

50
Q

What is the radial fossa for on the humerus?

A

for the head of the radius during flexion of the forearm

51
Q

At the proximal end of the head of the radius is what?

A

Fovea, on superior surface of the head

52
Q

What does the fovea of the radius articulate with?

A

capitulum of the humerus

53
Q

Where does the radial tuberosity lie?

A

intermediate to the neck of the radius and the shaft of the radius

54
Q

Where is the interosseous border for the radius?

A

Medial

55
Q

Where is the interosseous border for the ulna?

A

lateral

56
Q

What attaches to the interosseous border of the radius + ulna?

A

interosseous membrane

57
Q

Is the styloid process of the radius on the proximal or distal end?

A

distal

58
Q

Where does the ulnar notch of the radius lie in relation to the styloid process of the radius?

A

medial

59
Q

Where do the tendons of the long extensor muscles lie?

A

dorasally on the radius are grooves for tendons of the long extensor muscles

60
Q

What is the dorsal tubercle also known as?

A

listers tubercle

61
Q

Where is the dorsal tubercle of the radius?

A

lies on dorsal surface of the distal end of the radius

62
Q

What is the pronator tubercle of the radius?

A

a shallow projection thats an attachment site of pronator teres muscle on the lateral surface of radius

63
Q

What is the olecranon of the ulna? Where does it lie on the ulna?

A

a hook like process that has a roughed surface, lies on the proximal end of the ulna

64
Q

What is the trochelar notch of the ulna?

A

extends anteriorly from the olecranon to the coronoid process

65
Q

Where does the radial notch lie in relation to the trochlear notch of the ulna?

A

laterally

66
Q

What does the radial notch of the ulna articulate with?

A

circumference of the head of the radius

67
Q

Does the ulnar head and styloid process of the ulna lie distally or proximally?

A

distally

68
Q

How many carpal bones?

A

8

69
Q

What are the proximal row of the carpal bones (lateral to medial?

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

70
Q

What are the distal row of carpal bones (lateral to medial?

A

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

71
Q

What is the largest carpal bone?

A

scaphoid, in proximal row

72
Q

What is the most fractured carpal bone?

A

scaphoid

73
Q

Which carpal bone is a sesamoid bone/smallest?

A

pisiform

74
Q

What is the carpal arch made of?

A

carpal bones

75
Q

How many metacarpals on each hand?

A

5

76
Q

Describe the metacarpal bons (3 points)

A
  • each has a head, shaft, base
  • base has articular facet for articulation with carpals
  • head had articular facet for articulation with phalanges
77
Q

How many phalanges per finger? What is the exception?

A

3 phalanges per finger (proximal, middle, distal)

thumb only has 2 (proximal, distal)

78
Q

Each phalange has:

A

shaft, head and base

79
Q

The distal end of of the distal phalanx has a ______________

A

tuberosity

MSAK-1 (19 decks)

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